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Special Tests > Knee Special Tests > Flashcards

Knee Special Tests Flashcards

1
Q

List the special tests that test for one-plane anterior instability?

A
  1. Lachman
  2. Anterior draw
  3. Active draw
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2
Q

List the special tests for one-plane posterior instability tests.

A
  1. Posterior Draw

2. Posterior Sag sign

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3
Q

List the special tests for Anterolateral instability.

A
  1. Slocum’s

2. Lateral Pivot Shift Maneuver (Test Of MacIntosh)

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4
Q

What position should the foot be placed in when testing for anterolateral and anteromedial instability during the Slocum’s test?

A

30 degrees IR and 15 degrees ER

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5
Q

Which special test tests for one-plane medial instability?

A

Valgus Stress Test

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6
Q

Which special test test for one-plane lateral instability at the knee?

A

Varus Stress test

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7
Q

List the special tests for Meniscal pathology.

A
  1. McMurray
  2. Apley’s
  3. Thessaly’s (gold standard)
  4. Bounce Home
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8
Q

The Tibial torsion special test is assessing?

A

Assess the amount of internal/external tibial rotation

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9
Q

The varus/valgus angle assesses?

A

Assess the angle between the femur and the tibia.

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10
Q

Clinician measures the varus/valgus angle of a patient and the results are 15 degrees on RLE and 12 degrees on LLE. Interpret the results.

A

> 10 degrees = Valgus; thus patient has bilateral valgus

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11
Q

A value of <5 degrees for the varus/valgus angle would indicate what?

A

Varus

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12
Q

Normal values for the varus/valgus angle is what?

A

5-10 degrees

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13
Q

During the valgus and varus stress test a positive test while the knee is extended would be mean?

A

More severe injury with several structures being injured

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14
Q

During the lateral pivot shift maneuver, during 30-40 degrees what should occur if the test is positive?

A

The Tibia will “jog” backwards and the patient will indicate that this is what if feels like when their knee “gives away”

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15
Q

Prior to performing lachman’s, what structure should be cleared to avoid a false positive?

A

The therapist should clear the PCL prior to performing any one-plane anterior instability tests

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16
Q

List the structures that may be involved with a positive varus test while the knee is flexed.

A
  1. LCL
  2. Bicep Femoris
  3. ITB
  4. Capsule
  5. Accurate-popliteus complex
17
Q

List the structures that may be involved with a positive valgus test with knee flexed.

A
  1. MCL
  2. Post oblique ligament
  3. PCL
  4. Capsule
18
Q

List the structures that may be involved with a positive Valgus Stress test when the knee is extended.

A
  1. MCL, PCL, ACL
  2. Capsule
  3. Medial quadriceps
  4. Semimembranosis
19
Q

List the structures that maybe involved with a positive Varus Stress test while the knee is extended.

A
  1. LCL, capsule, ITB
  2. Bicep femoris
  3. Arcuate-popliteal complex
  4. PCL/ACL
  5. Lateral gastrocnemius
20
Q

Positive test during the Lachman special test is indicated by?

A
  1. Mushy/soft end feel

2. Excessive tibial translations (>4mm)

21
Q

If a therapist determines a positive lachman’s test (>4mm anterior tibial translation), what structures may be involved?

A
  1. ACL/PCL

2. Arcuate-popliteus complex

22
Q

What is the position of the patient during lachman special test?

A

Supine with knee flexed between 0-30 degrees

23
Q

A positive active drawer test is indicated by what?

A

> 6mm anterior tibial translation

If, <6mm anterior tibial translation indicates only ACL is torn

24
Q

What structures may be involved with a positive anterior drawer test.

A
  1. ACL
  2. PL +PM capsule
  3. MCL (Deep fibers)
  4. ITB
  5. POL
  6. Arcuate-popliteus complex
25
Q

List what structures are involved during a positive solcum’s test which indicates lateral instability of the knee.

A
  1. ACL/LCL/ PCL
  2. PL capsule
  3. Arcuate-popliteus complete
  4. ITB
26
Q

List what structures are involved during a positive solcum’s test which indicates anteromedial instability of the knee.

A
  1. ACL/MCL
  2. POL
  3. PM capsule
27
Q

What is the starting position of the patient during MacIntosh Test?

A

Patient is supine while test leg is flexed and abducted 30 degrees and relaxed in slight IR (20 degrees).

28
Q

What is the starting testing position of the patient for Posterior Sag sign (gravity draw test)?

A

Patient lies supine with the hip flexed to 45 degrees and the knee flexed to 90 degrees

29
Q

If a Posterior sag sign is positive, what structures may be involved?

A
  1. PCL/ACL
  2. POL
  3. Arcuate-popliteal complex
30
Q

A therapist is performing a valgus stress test on a patient; in which direction should the therapist be applying for to stress MCL and medial structures?

A

Therapist should apply a MEDIALLY directed force at the Knee with ankle in slight ER.

31
Q

In what positions should the valgus/varus stress test be performed in.

A
  1. Supine with knee flexed 20-30 degrees

2. Supine with knee fully extended (positive in this position is more severe)

32
Q

A therapist is performing McMurray’s test on a patient. The therapist passively internally rotates the tibia while extending the knee with a varus force. The therapist is test which meniscus?

A

Lateral meniscus

33
Q

A therapist is performing McMurray’s test on a patient. The therapist passively externally rotates the tibia while extending the knee with a valgus force. The therapist is test which meniscus?

A

Medial meniscus

34
Q

A therapist is wanting to assess the angle of the femur and tibia (varus/valgus angle), where should the therapist measure to assess this angle.

A
  1. ASIS to the mid-point of the patella
  2. Mid-point of patella down the tibial shaft with goniometer

(Stable arm: pointed toward ASIS; AOR: Midpoint of patella, Moving arm: Tibial shaft)

35
Q

A therapist is wanting to assess whether the patient is presenting with patellofemoral instability. What test should the therapist use?

A

Patellar apprehension test (knee flexed to 30 degrees, quads relaxed, therapists glides patella laterally)

36
Q

Explain the 5 point scale used in conjunction with the Brush (Stroke) test for the knee.

A

0 = no wave produced on down stroke

1 (trace) = small wave

1+ = larger bulge

2+ = spontaneous return after upstroke

3+ = unable to move effusion out of medial knee

37
Q

When is a pivot-shift positive?

A

(+) if tibia relocates during the test; as the knee is flexed, the tibia clunks backward at approximately 30-40 degrees

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