Knee Region (3)

Question 1

Describe the popliteal fossa.

Answer 1

Dimond shapes fossa, posterior to knee.

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the Popliteal Fossa?

Answer 2

Semimembranosis, biceps femoris (long head), gastrocnemius

Question 3

What are the contents of the Popliteal fossa?

Answer 3

(Superficial to Deep)
- small saphenous vein

• sciatic nerve > tibial nerve + common fibulae nerve (to lateral and medial sural cutaneous nerve)
• popliteal lymph nodes
• popliteal artery

Question 4

How could you classify the Knee joint?

Answer 4

• compound synovial
• hinge
• modified hinge
• double condyloid

Question 5

What are the functions of the knee joint?

Answer 5

Provide stability and mobility

Question 6

Name a fact regarding the congruency of the knee joint?

Answer 6

The knee joint surface is incongruent (does not fit well together)

Therefore, it relies on ligaments, tendons and muscles the support it

Question 7

What does the knee joint allow?

Answer 7

• flexion and extension (140-160 degrees)

- medial and lateral rotation (10 and 30 degrees respectively)

Question 8

What bone is not apart of the knee joint?

Answer 8

Fibula

Question 9

What degree of medial rotation does the knee have to be in, in order to “lock”?

Answer 9

5 degrees of medial rotation.

Question 10

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 10

Hinge, synovial

• fiborous capsule.

Question 11

Patella Ligament Attachment

Answer 11

Attach:

Apex of Patella > tibial tuberosity

Question 12

Patella Ligament Functions

Answer 12

Acts as anterior capsule with patella.

Question 13

Patella Retinacula Attachment

Answer 13

Vastus Medialis > Vastus Lateralis

(Apporneurotic Fibers)

• deeper fibers connect with menisci
• lateral fibres connect to ITB (superficial)
• medical fibres connect to tibia

Question 14

List 3 Common Knee Diseases

Answer 14

1. Osgood-Schlatter Disease
2. Transverse Patella Fracture
3. Bipartite Patella (or tripartite)

Question 15

Tibial Collateral Ligament:

Attach

Answer 15

Attach: medial epicondyle of femur > superior medial surface of tibia
Deep Fibers: attach to medial meniscus

Question 16

Tibial Collateral Ligament:

Action

Answer 16

Action: resists valgus stress (in flexion) + resists lateral rotation of tibia

Question 17

Fibular Collateral Ligament:

Attach

Answer 17

Attach: lateral epicondyle of femur > head of fibula (tendon of popliteus passes between FCL and meniscus

Question 18

Fibular Collateral Ligament:

Action

Answer 18

Action: resists varus stress and medial tibial rotation

Question 19

Oblique Popliteal Ligament:

Attach

Answer 19

Attach: posterior medial tibial condyle > middle posterior joint capsule (expansion of semimembranosus tendon)

Question 20

Oblique Popliteal Ligament:

Action

Answer 20

Action: resists hyperextension of the knee and valgus and varus stress in extension.

Question 21

Arcuate Popliteal Ligament:

Attach

Answer 21

Attach: posterior head of fibula > runs over tendon of popliteus > posterior joint capsule

Question 22

Arcuate Popliteal Ligament:

Action

Answer 22

Action: resists hyperextension of the knee and valgus and varus stress in extension.

Question 23

Cruciate LIgaments:

Attachment Pattern

Answer 23

Attach: both arranged in X shaped pattern

Question 24

Cruciate LIgaments:

Facts

Answer 24

Facts: intracapsular but extrasynovial. In any one cruciate ligament will be taut and may resist motion

Question 25

Cruciate LIgaments: | Function

Answer 25

Function: stabilize the knee joint.

Question 26

ACL Attach

Answer 26

Attach: anterior intercondylar area > medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle.

Question 27

ACL Bands + functions

Answer 27

``` Contains 2 Bands: Anteromedial (AMB) Tight in flexion, lax in extension Injured in flexion and trauma Posterolateral Band (PLB) Tight in extension, lax in flexion Injured in hyperextension. ```

Question 28

ACL Facts

Answer 28

Facts: tibia is most mobile of femur at 30 degrees flexion when neither band is tight.

Question 29

ACL Function

Answer 29

Function: Resists anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur (resists medial and lateral rotation at the knee, resists valgus and varus stress at the knee) Prevents posterior rolling of femur on the tibia. Contraction of the quadriceps tenses the ACL

Question 30

PCL Attach

Answer 30

Attach: posterior intercondylar area of tibia > lateral surface of medial femoral condyle (shorter and less oblique than ACL)

Question 31

PCL Bands

Answer 31

Anterior medial Band: Lax in extension, tight in 80-90 degrees flexion Posterolateral Band: lax in flexion, tight in extension.

Question 32

PCL Functions

Answer 32

Function: resists posterior displacement of the tibia on femur (resists rotation at the knee, resists varus and valgus stress at the knee) Tension in PCL may assist locking of knee.

Question 33

Menisci Description

Answer 33

Crescent shaped wedges of fibrocartilage. Thick outer area, thin inner area.

Question 34

Menisci Function

Answer 34

Function: increase joint congruence, reduce friction, transmit forces, act as shock absorbers.

Question 35

Menisci Attachments

Answer 35

Attachments: Anteriolrly: transverse ligament of knee. Both joined to tibia: via coronary ligaments and anterior and posterior horns.

Question 36

Menisci Facts

Answer 36

Facts: menisci are mostly avascular but well innervated.

Question 37

Lateral Meniscus Attach

Answer 37

Attach: posterior cruciate ligament, popliteus and medial femoral condyle.

Question 38

Lateral Meniscus: Facts

Answer 38

Facts: more mobile than medial meniscus, moves with femur

Question 39

Medial Meniscus: Attach

Answer 39

Attach: joined to medial collateral ligament and semimembranosus

Question 40

Medial Meniscus: Facts

Answer 40

Facts: less mobile than lateral meniscus, more frequently injured.

Question 41

Bursae: (attachments)

Answer 41

Suprapatellar: quadriceps tendon and femur Popliteal: popliteal tendon and lateral tibial condyle Gastrocnemius: deeo to proximal attachment of medial head of gastrocnemius. FACT: bursae are continuous with joint capsule of knee. Subcutaneous prepatellar: anterior surface of patella and skin. Subcutaneous infrapatellar: tibial tuberosity and skin Deep infrapatellar: Patellar ligament and anterior surface of tibia Collateral Ligament Bursae: FCL + biceps femoris, popliteus, tbial condyle and semimembranosus, pes anserinus