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B12 MSK > Knee, Leg and Foot > Flashcards

Knee, Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Name the structures that form the boundaries of the popliteal fossa:

  1. superiomedial
  2. superiolateral
  3. inferiomedial
  4. inferiorlateral
  5. Name 4 structures contained in the popliteal fossa
A
  1. semitendinous and semimembranous
  2. biceps femoris
  3. medial head of gastrocnemius
  4. lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
  5. popliteal artery
    popliteal vein
    tibial nerve
    small saphenous vein
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2
Q
  1. What is the action of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
  2. What is their innervation?
  3. What is their blood supply?
A
  1. dorsiflexion of ankle
  2. deep fibular nerve
  3. anterior tibial artery
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3
Q
  1. What is the action of muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
  2. What is their innervation?
  3. What is their blood supply?
A
  1. everts the ankle
  2. superficial fibular nerve
  3. fibular artery - artery is found in the posterior compartment
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4
Q
  1. What is the action of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
  2. What is their innervation?
  3. What is their blood supply?
A
  1. plantarflexion
  2. tibial nerve
  3. posterior tibial artery
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5
Q

What is the function of the patella?

A

increases the leverage that the quadriceps tendon can exert on the femur, by increasing the angle at which it acts

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6
Q

Describe the following knee deformities:

  1. genu valgum
  2. genu varum
A
  1. knock knees

2. bowed legs

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7
Q
  1. What is the shape of the medial collateral ligament?
  2. How is the medial collateral ligament intracapsular?
  3. What is the shape of the lateral collateral ligament?
A
  1. broad and flat
  2. attaches to the medial meniscus
  3. cord like
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8
Q
  1. How are the cruciate ligaments named?

What is the origin and insertion of:

  1. Anterior cruciate ligament?
  2. Posterior cruciate ligament?
A
  1. based on where they attach on the tibia
  2. anterior intercondylar area of tibia → lateral wall of intercondylar fossa of femur
  3. posterior intercondylar area of tibia → lateral wall of medial femoral condyle
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9
Q
  1. Name three ways in which the menisci increase congruance within the knee joint
  2. Name two other functions of the menisci
  3. Why are the menisci difficult to heal following a tear?
A
  1. increased stability; increased weight distribution; decreased loading stress
  2. hold the femoral condyles in place
    involved in synovial fluid distribution
  3. they are avascular
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10
Q
  1. How is knee locking achieved?

2. Which muscle is involved in unlocking the knee?

A
  1. medial rotation of the femur on the tibia

2. popliteus

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11
Q
  1. What tendons form the pes anserinus?
  2. Where does this insert?
  3. What is its function?
A
  1. gracialis
    semitendinosus
    sartorius
  2. anteriomedial tibia
  3. dynamic stability of the medial aspect of the knee
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12
Q
  1. Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?
  2. What is bursitis caused by?
  3. Where is the sucutaneous prepatellar bursa found?
  4. What is bursitis caused by?
A
  1. between the femur and the quadriceps tendon?
  2. sudden overuse
  3. between the skin and the patella
  4. compression
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13
Q
  1. What is the shape of the medial meniscus?
  2. What is it attached to?
  3. Is it fixed or mobile?
  4. What is the shape of the lateral meniscus?
  5. What is it attached to?
  6. Is it fixed or mobile?
A
  1. C shaped
  2. medial collateral ligament
  3. fixed
  4. oval shaped
  5. popliteal tendon
  6. mobile (free from the lateral collateral ligament)
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14
Q

CUTANEOUS INNERVATION OF LEG

  1. common fibular nerve
  2. saphenous nerve
  3. superior fibular nerve
  4. sural nerve
  5. medial plantar nerve
  6. lateral plantar nerve
A
  1. upper 1/3 of lateral aspect of leg
  2. medial aspect of leg
  3. lateral aspect of lower leg and dorsum of foot
  4. posterolateral aspect of ankle and foot
  5. medial aspect of foot
  6. lateral half of foot
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15
Q
  1. Which nerves provide branches that makes the sural nerve?

2. What structure does the sural nerve penetrate?

A
  1. common fibular and tibial nerves

2. penetrates the deep fascia

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16
Q
  1. What is the name of the distal end of the tibia that is shaped like a box?
  2. There is a groove on the posterior aspect of the tibia. What structure passes through this groove?
  3. There is a groove on the posterior aspect of the lateral maleolus of the fibula. Which structures (2) pass through this groove?
A
  1. mortise
  2. tibialis posterior
  3. fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
17
Q

Name the tarsal bones in the:

  1. proximal row (2)
  2. intermediate row (1)
  3. distal row (4)
A
  1. talus and calcaneus
  2. navicular
  3. cuboid and three cuneiforms
18
Q
  1. Between which two tendons is the dorsalis pedis artery found?
  2. Which muscle in the anterior compartment takes muscle fibres from the extensor digitorum longus?
  3. What is the innervation of the anterior compartment?
  4. What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment?
A
  1. extensor halucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
  2. fibularis tertius
  3. deep fibular nerve
  4. anterior tibial artery
19
Q
  1. Name the two muscles in the lateral compartment
  2. Which of these muscles has a longer tendon that inserts onto metatarsal I?
  3. What is the innervation of the lateral compartment?
  4. What is the blood supply of the lateral compartment?
A
  1. fibularis longus
    fibularis brevis
  2. fibularis longus
  3. superficial fibular nerve
  4. fibular artery
20
Q
  1. What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg?
  2. What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the leg?
A
  1. tibial nerve

2. posterior tibial artery

21
Q

Describe the structures that pass through the tarsal tunnel (medial) from anterior to posterior

A 
Tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus
22
Q
  1. Up what side of the leg does the great saphenous vein ascend?
  2. What vein does it drain into?
  3. What is its relation to the medial malleolus?
  4. Up what side of the leg foes the small saphenous vein ascend?
  5. What does it drain into?
  6. What is its relationship to the lateral maleolus?
A
  1. medial
  2. femoral
  3. anteriorly
  4. posterior
  5. popliteal
  6. posterior
23
Q
  1. Where is the talocural joint found?
  2. In what position is this joint the most stable?
  3. In what position is this joint the least stable?
  4. Name the two ligaments that support this joint?
A
  1. between the talus and the mortise
  2. dorsiflexion
  3. plantarflexion
  4. fibular collateral ligament (lateral, anterior and posterior) and deltoid ligament (medial)
24
Q

What movements is the talocalcaneonavicular joint responsible for?

A

inversion and eversion

25
Q
  1. Which tendon is key in supporting the transverse foot arch
  2. What is pes cavus?
  3. What is pes planus?
A
  1. tendon of fibularis longus
  2. over arching of foot
  3. flat foot
26
Q
  1. From what artery does the popliteal artery continue from?
  2. Name the two arteries it divides into
  3. What is the pathway of these two arteries?
  4. What do these two arteries supply?
A
  1. femoral
  2. anterior tibial and posterior tibial
  3. anterior tibial - passes through interosseous membrane
    posterior tibial - passes down the posterior aspect of the leg. Fibular artery branches off this
  4. anterior tibial - anterior compartment of leg and dorsum of foot
    posterior tibial - posterior and lateral (fibular artery) compartments of leg and sole of foot
27
Q
  1. What are intrinsic extensors of the foot innervated by?

2. What are the intrinisc muscles on the plantar aspect of the foot innervated by?

A
  1. deep fibular nerve

2. medial or lateral plantar nerves

B12 MSK (12 decks)

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