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B12 MSK > Hip and Thigh > Flashcards

Hip and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the deep fascia?
  2. What is it known as in the thigh?
  3. What is it known as distal to the knee?
  4. What is it continuous with?
A
  1. stocking like membrane that lies beneath the superficial fascia and covers the limb
  2. fascia lata
  3. crural fascia
  4. inguinal ligament, scarpa’s fascia and bony pelvis
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2
Q
  1. What muscles does the fascia lata enclose?
  2. What is the opening of the fascia lata on the anterior aspect, inferior to the inguinal ligament called?
  3. What does this opening allow the passage of?
  4. What is the name of the lateral thickening of the fascia lata?
  5. What is the functioning of this thickening?
A
  1. gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata
  2. saphenous opening
  3. great sapehnous vein
  4. Iliotibial band/tract
  5. stabilises the hip joint
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3
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the deep fascia?

A

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

  • does not stretch
  • bleeding into the compartment increases pressure
  • increased pressure causes venous congestion
  • congestion will compress capilaries, leading to decreased arterial perfusion
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4
Q

What is the action of:

  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis?
  3. sartorius
  4. pectineus
  5. What are these muscles innervated by?
  6. What is the blood supply of these muscles?
A
  1. flexion of hip
  2. extension of knee
  3. flex knee and hip
  4. adduction of hip
  5. femoral nerve
  6. femoral artery
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5
Q
  1. What is the function of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
  2. What muscles make up this compartment?
  3. What are they innervated by?
  4. Any exceptions?
  5. What is the blood supply?
A
  1. adduct the hip
  2. adductor brevis, longus, magnus; gracialis; obturator externus
  3. obturator nerve
  4. hamstring part of the adductor magnus is innervated by the sciatic nerve
  5. obturator artery
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6
Q
  1. name the three hamstring muscles
  2. What are they innervated by?
  3. What is their blood supply?
A
  1. semitendinous, semimembranous, biceps femoris
  2. sciatic nerve
  3. profundus femoris
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7
Q
  1. What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
    a) superior
    b) lateral
    c) medial
  2. What are the contents of the femoral canal, moving lateral to medial? (NAVEL)
A

1a) inguinal ligament
1b) sartorius
1c) adductor longus

2. femoral nerve
     femoral artery
     femoral vein
     empty space 
     deep inguinal lymph nodes
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8
Q
  1. What is the function of the adductor canal?
  2. What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
    a) anterior
    b) medial
    c) lateral
  3. Name three contents of the adductor canal
A
  1. serves as a passageway for structures moving between the anterior thigh and posterior leg

2a) sartirius
2b) adductor longus and magnus
2c) vastus medius

  1. femoral artery
    femoral vein
    saphenous vein
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9
Q

Which roots form the following nerves of the lumbar plexus

  1. iliohypogastric nerve
  2. ilioinguinal nerve
  3. genitofemoral nerve
  4. lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  5. obturator nerve
  6. femoral nerve
A
  1. L1 abd T12
  2. L1
  3. L1 and L2
  4. L2 and L3
  5. L2, 3 and 4
  6. L2, 3 and 4
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10
Q

Which roots form the following nerves of the sacral plexus:

  1. superior gluteal nerve
  2. inferior gluteal nerve
  3. sciatic nerve
  4. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  5. pudendal nerve
A
  1. L4, L5, S1
  2. L5, S1, S2
  3. L4-S3
  4. S1-S3
  5. S2-S4
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11
Q

How does the sciatic nerve leave the pelvis and enter the gluteal region?

A

via greater sciatic foramen and inferiorly to the piriformis

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12
Q
  1. What is the name of the hip socket?
  2. What structure forms a complete socket?
  3. This structure also forms a foramen:
    a) What is the name of the foramen?
    b) what structure passes through the foramen?
A
  1. acetabulum
  2. transverse acetabular ligament
    3a) acetabular foramen
    3b) artery of the head of the femur (branch of the obturator artery)
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13
Q

Name the three ligaments that support the hip joint and where they are located

A
  1. iliofemoral - anteriosuperior
  2. pubofemoral - anterioinferior
  3. ischiofemoral - posterior
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14
Q

What line is used radiologically to diagnose femoral head fractures

A

Shenton’s line

  • imaginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur.
  • should be continuous and smooth.
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15
Q
  1. Which muscles make up the iliopsoas?

2. What is the action of this muscle?

A
  1. iliacus and psoas major

2. flexion of the hip (most powerful hip flexor)

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16
Q

Which adductor is:

  1. most superficial
  2. deepest
  3. most medial
A
  1. adductor longus
  2. adductor magnus
  3. gracialis
17
Q
  1. Which branch of the obturator artery supplies the ligamentum teres of the femoral head?
  2. Name the two branches of the deep femoral artery that supply the femoral head?
  3. Which arteries anastomose at the femoral head (4)?
  4. What is the name of the two anastomoses supplying the femoral head?
A
  1. artery of ligamentum teres
  2. medial circumflex femoral artery and lateral circumflex femoral artery
  3. medial circumflex femoral artery
    lateral circumflex femoral artery
    superior gluteal artery
    obturator artery
  4. trochanteric anastomoses
    cruciate anastomoses
18
Q
  1. What is the gluteus maximus innervated by?
  2. Where does it insert?
  3. What is its function?
  4. Name the three hip abductors
  5. What are the hip abductors innervated by?
A
  1. inferior gluteal nerve
  2. IT band and greater tuberosity of femur
  3. extension of the hip
  4. Glut med, glut mid and tensor fascia lata
  5. Superior gluteal nerve
19
Q

What muscles/nerve are affected if a person displays trendelenburg gait?

A

superior gluteal nerve

hip abductors

20
Q
  1. Name the lateral rotators of the hip

2. Name two nerves that emerge underneath the piriformis

A
  1. piriformis
    obturator internus and externus
    superior and inferior gemelli
    quadratus femoris
  2. sciatic
    pudendal
21
Q
  1. In which direction are hip dislocations more common?

2. What are the majority of these dislocations caused by?

A
  1. posterior

2. dashboard impact of vehicle collisions

22
Q
  1. From what artery do the gluteal arteries branch?
  2. What region do the gluteal arteries supply?
  3. From what artery does the obturator artery branch?
  4. What compartment does it supply?
A
  1. internal iliac
  2. gluteal region
  3. internal iliac
  4. medial compartment

B12 MSK (12 decks)

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