knee injuries Flashcards
What is medial tibial stress syndrome commonly known as?
Shin splints
An overuse injury characterized by pain along the medial tibia.
What are the common mechanisms of injury (MOI) for medial tibial stress syndrome?
Repetitive impact activities like running and jumping, sudden increase in training duration or intensity
Involves activities that stress the tibia.
What objective test is used to diagnose medial tibial stress syndrome?
Shin palpation test
Pain should be approximately 5 cm or greater.
What factors should be considered for medial tibial stress syndrome?
- Increase in activity
- Decreased tibialis anterior strength
- Decreased tibialis posterior strength
- Decreased soleus strength
- Decreased ankle DF ROM
- Decreased talocrural mobility
- Decreased hip abd/ER strength
- Pes planus or pes cavus
- RED-S
RED-S refers to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport.
What is lateral tibial periostitis commonly referred to as?
Lateral shin splints
An overuse injury characterized by inflammation of the periosteum.
What is patellar tendinopathy?
An overuse injury common in males, characterized by pain in the patellar tendon
Risk factors include increased waist circumference and training volume.
What percentage of tendon ruptures occur at the patellar tendon?
6%
This indicates the significance of patellar tendinopathy.
How does quad tendinopathy differ from patellar tendinopathy?
It is less common and differs in width and attachments
Quad tendinopathy may lead to rupture in older patients or those with underlying conditions.
What are the common symptoms of PFPS (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome)?
- Retro or peri patellar pain
- Pain with squatting
- Pain with stair climbing
- Pain during prolonged sitting
- Pain with knee flexion tasks
Increased pressure between the patella and femur occurs during knee flexion.
What are the special tests for PFPS?
- Patellar tilt test
- Compression test
- Clarke sign
- Resisted knee extension
A test cluster can help rule in PFPS.
What is chondromalacia?
Bone softening characterized by loss of cartilage, often referred to as runner’s knee
Caused by overuse and misalignment of the knee cap.
What are the signs and symptoms of chondromalacia?
- Pain in anterior knee with stairs
- Clicking/grinding
- Swelling and stiffness
Symptoms worsen with repetitive knee flexion/extension.
What is a common direction for patella subluxation or dislocation?
Lateral direction
The anatomy of the knee predisposes it to lateral subluxation.
What can cause patella subluxation?
- Forceful quadriceps contraction from a flexed knee
- Patella Alta
- Trochlear dysplasia
- Muscle imbalances
These factors contribute to patellar instability.
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
An overuse injury affecting the apophysis at the inferior pole of the patella in children
Symptoms include pain, swelling, and tenderness at the growth plate.
What age group is affected by Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome?
Ages 10-14
This is an overuse injury related to the patellar tendon.
What are the symptoms of Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome?
- Dull aching pain at distal patella
- Pain worse with activities
- Swelling or bump at bottom of patella
- Painful repetitive activities
- Tight quad muscles
Increased tension on the patellar tendon is the primary concern.
What test cluster helps rule in PFPS?
- < 40 yrs of age
- isolated anterior knee pain OR medial pateallar facet tenderness
if these are (+) can confidently rule in PFPS
PFPS - ICF classification system:
- Overuse- positive eccentric step-down test
- Movement coordination deficits – dynamic knee valgus during SL squat
- Muscle performance deficits – decreased hip strength
- Mobility deficits – hypermobility: increased ankle PF/midfoot mobility; hypomobility: decreased hip & ankle muscle length
- Regional interdependence
What is Chondromalacia?
Bone softening – loss of cartilage
Often called runner’s knee, it is an overuse issue involving repetitive knee flexion/extension.
What are common symptoms of Chondromalacia?
- Pain in anterior knee with going up/downstairs, squatting, or sitting for long periods
- Clicking/grinding
- Swelling and stiffness in knee joint
How does Chondromalacia differ from PFPS?
Chondromalacia involves softening and wearing away of cartilage on the underside of the patella, while PFPS involves diffuse or localized pressure and pain.
What is the common direction of Patella subluxation/dislocation?
Often in lateral direction
This is due to the anatomy of the knee, where the trochlear groove is shallower on the lateral side.
What is Hoffa’s syndrome?
Fat pad syndrome characterized by pain with end range knee extension ROM and inflammation or pinching of the infrapatellar fat pad.
