Knee injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Meniscal tears most commonly occur during what kind of movement?

A

Twisting the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the typical clinical features of a meniscal tear

A

Knee:

  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Reduced ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which special tests can be used on examination of the knee to detect a meniscal tear?

A
  • McMurray’s test

- Apley grind test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the usual first-line imaging investigation for establishing a diagnosis of meniscal tear?

What is the gold standard investigation?

A
  • First line: MRI

- Gold standard: arthroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the conservative, medical and surgical management of a meniscal tear

A

Conservative:

  • RICE
  • Physiotherapy

Medical:
- Analgesia (NSAIDs)

Surgical:
- Arthroscopic surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which ligament in the knee is most commonly injured?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACL injury typically occurs during what kind of movement?

A

Twisting the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the typical clinical features of ACL injury

A

Knee:

  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Reduced ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which special tests can be used on examination of the knee to detect ACL injury?

A
  • Anterior drawer test

- Lachman test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the usual first-line imaging investigation for establishing a diagnosis of ACL injury?

What is the gold standard investigation?

A
  • First line: MRI

- Gold standard: arthroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the conservative, medical and surgical management of ACL injury

A

Conservative:

  • RICE
  • Physiotherapy

Medical:
- Analgesia (NSAIDs)

Surgical:
- Arthroscopic surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

Inflammation at the tibial tuberosity where the patellar tendon inserts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In which age group is Osgood-Schlatter disease most common?

A

Teenagers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What sign will you typically find on inspection of the anterior knee in Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Visible lump on the anterior aspect of the knee (which is initially tender, but becomes non-tender over time as the bone heals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Typically, knee pain is exacerbated by (…?) in Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

Physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the conservative and medical management of Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

Conservative:

  • RICE
  • Physiotherapy

Medical:
- Analgesia (NSAIDs)

17
Q

What is a Baker’s cyst?

A

Fluid-filled sac (cyst) in the popliteal fossa

18
Q

What causes a Baker’s cyst?

A
  • Can occur following knee injury, e.g. meniscal tear

- Most commonly occur secondary to degenerative changes (osteoarthritis) in older adults

19
Q

Describe the typical clinical features of a Baker’s cyst

A

Knee:

  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Reduced ROM
20
Q

On examination of the knee, what sign is characteristic of a Baker’s cyst?

A

Foucher’s sign:

  • Lump is most apparent when patient is stood (knee is fully extended)
  • When knee is flexed, lump gets smaller or completely disappears
21
Q

Which investigation can be used to confirm the diagnosis of a Baker’s cyst?

A

USS

22
Q

Is any treatment required for an asymptomatic Baker’s cyst?

A

No

23
Q

Describe the conservative, medical and interventional management options for a symptomatic Baker’s cyst

A

Conservative:

  • RICE
  • Physiotherapy

Medical:
- Analgesia (NSAIDs)

Interventional:
- Aspiration of the cyst