knee - goniometry

Question 1

knee extension

Answer 1

▪ Plane of motion: sagittal
▪ Axis of rotation: frontal
▪ Normal range of motion: 0 degrees
▪ Normal end-feel: firm
▪ Testing position: positions patient prone, with the hip in neutral, and a towel under the anterior thigh (there is an alternate
position where the patient is prone)
▪ Stabilization: pelvis and femur
▪ Axis: lateral epicondyle of the femur
▪ Stationary arm: lateral midline of the femur (greater trochanter)
▪ Moving arm: lateral midline of the fibula (lateral malleolus)

Question 2

knee flexion

Answer 2

▪ Plane of motion: sagittal
▪ Axis of rotation: frontal
▪ Normal range of motion: 120 (hip extended) or 135 (hip flexed)
▪ Normal end-feel: soft or firm
▪ Testing position: positions patient prone, with the hip in neutral, and a towel under the anterior thigh; or positions patient
supine, with the hip flexed 90 degrees (there is an alternate position where the patient is supine and the hip flexed)
▪ Stabilization: pelvis and femur
▪ Axis: lateral epicondyle of the femur
▪ Stationary arm: lateral midline of the femur (greater trochanter)
▪ Moving arm: lateral midline of the fibula (lateral malleolus)