Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM Midterm > knee, foot, ankle ppt > Flashcards

knee, foot, ankle ppt Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genu varus
causes
normal?
Q angle

A

bow legs
blount’s disease, rickets, skeletal dysplasia, asymmetric growth due to trauma, infection, neoplasia
normal until age 2
decreased Q angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genu valgum
causes
normal?
Q angle

A

knock knees
intrauterine molding, genetic, Cozen fracture, obesity, obesity, trauma
4-7 yo
increased Q angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anterior cruciate ligament injury/tear

causes

A

more common in females than males

noncontact sports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PE findings ACL injury/tear

A

injury with popping sounds with subsequent pain and swelling at the knee, feeling instable
+ anterior drawer test and Lachman test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

imaging and treatment ACL injury/tear

A

MRI

RICE, physical therapy, surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PCL injury/tear

cause

A

uncommon injury

combination with other bulk ligament injury due to trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PE findings PCL injury/tear

A

setting of MVA with multiple injuries, complete dislocation of knee
+ posterior drawer test
+ sag sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

imaging and treatment PCL injury

A

XR, MRI

RICE, hinge bracing immobilizer, PT, ortho referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

medial collateral ligament injury

A

most common ligament injury

athletes in sports that involve sudden change in direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PE findings for MCL injury

A

pain and swelling of knee, laxity with valgus stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment of MCL injury

A

RICE, PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LCL injury

causes

A

least common injury

joint struck from medial side (varus stress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PE findings for LCL injury

A

blow to medial or anteromedial aspect of leg with resulting lateral or posterolateral knee pain. swelling, locking, and knee giving out under stress.
+ varus test
+ posterior drawer test
+ dial test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment for LCL injury

A

low grade: PT and crutches

high grade: immobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

meniscal injury

causes

A 
common
twisting injuries (sports), chronic degenerative tears of meniscus or cartilage in older patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PE findings of meniscal injury

A

joint line tenderness, joint effusion/swelling, catching, pain with certain movements, inability to squat/kneel
+McMurray test
+ Apley grind test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

imaging and treatment of meniscal injury

A

XR, US, MRI

RICE, crutches, PT, ortho referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

patellofemoral pain
other name
causes

A

Retropatellar pain syndrome, runner’s knee, lateral facet compression syndrome, idiopathic anterior knee pain
overuse disorder, biomechanical abnormalities, dynamic biomechanical abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PE findings for patellofemoral pain

A

anterior knee pain around or behind patella, pain aggravated activity or weight bearing
+squatting
+ patellar glide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

treatment for patellofemoral pain

A

modify activity, NSAID, PT, steroids, biomechanical abnormality bracing and orthodontics

22
Q

What type of pain worsens as day progresses?

A

osteoarthritis

23
Q

Osgood schlatter
other name
causes

A

osteochondritis of tibial tubercle
repetitive strain and tearing of the secondary ossification center on tibial tubercle, over time causes callous that appears as swelling of the tibial tubercle where the patellar tendon inserts

24
Q

PE findings osgood schlatter

A

13-14 yo boy or 11-12 yo girl wtih pain and swelling of anterior knee
no imaging needed

25
Q

osgood schlatter treatment

A

self limiting
NSAID
PT

26
Q

Ottawa knee rules - radiograph after trauma

A 
age 55 or older
tenderness at head of fibula
isolated tenderness of patella
inability to flex 90 degrees
inability to walk four weightbearing steps after injury or in ED
27
Q

Pittsburgh decision rules - blunt trauma or fall to knee

A

age younger than 12 yo or older than 50 yo

inability to walk 4 weight bearing steps in ED

28
Q

diabetic neuropathy test

A

pressure sensation using monofilament testing
vibration sensation using tuning fork
superficial pain using pinprick

29
Q

ankle sprain
common ligaments
risk factors/causes

A

one of the most common visit to PCP or ED
calcaneofibular ligament, anterior talofibular ligament
sports or nonsports related, female>male, children and adolescent>adult

30
Q

PE findings ankle sprain

A

tenderness, swelling, and ecchymosis of ankle
mechanism of injury
+ anterior drawer test
+inversion stress/talar tilt test

31
Q

treatment of ankle sprain

A

RICE, bear weight as tolerated, splint or bracing, NSAID, PT

32
Q

Ottawa ankle and foot rules

A

pt has pain in malleolar zone AND any of the following:
inability to perform 4 weight bearing steps
bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of lateral malleolus
bone tenderness of 5th metatarsal
pain in midfoot zone AND any of the findings:
bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of medial malleolus
bone tenderness at navicular bone
inability to take 4 weight bearing steps

33
Q

syndesmotic ankle injury
other name
cause

A

high ankle sprain
injury to one or more of the ligaments including the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
high intensity sports

34
Q

PE findings of syndesmotic ankle injury

A

tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis of ankle
high impact injury mechanism
+ squeeze test

35
Q

imaging and treatment of syndesmotic ankle injury

A

XR, MRI

RICE, immobilization, rehab, surgery

36
Q

plantar fasciitis

causes

A

heel pain in adults

biomechanical overuse, flat feet, high arch, prolonged walking or standing on hard surface, excessive training

37
Q

PE findings plantar faciitis

A

plantar or calcaneal pain on walking or hard surfaces
pain with first steps in the morning or after period of inactivity
pain with passive dorsiflexion

38
Q

treatment of plantar faciitis

A

modify activity, orthodontics, exercises, steroid injections, surgery

39
Q

morton neuroma

causes

A

pain between the metatarsal heads from the plantar digital nerve, most commonly 3rd web space
chronic trauma or repeated stress due to tight fitting shoes, high heels

40
Q

PE findings of morton neuroma

A

burning pain 3rd metatarsal space most common that radiates to toes
numbness of toes
+ Mulder’s sign

41
Q

gout

risk factors

A

precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in a joint space

genetics, age, sex, diet, trauma, foods

42
Q

PE findings of gout

A

swollen erythematous tender joint on exam (bedsheet cause extreme pain)
serum uric acid levels >8

43
Q

tendinopathy PE findings and specialty tets

A

swelling, warmth, pain

+squeeze test (gastrocnemius m)

44
Q

hallux rigidus

A

stiffness of the great toe, most often due to osteoarthritis

45
Q

hallus valgus

A

valgus malformation of great toe

46
Q

plantar warts

A

plantar warts most often due to HPV1

47
Q

corns and calluses

A

caused by abnormal pressure over the skin and bony prominences from shoes on foot

48
Q

metatarsalgia

A

pain on plantar surface second and third metatarsal

49
Q

tinea pedis

A

fungal infection of the foot
dry, scaling skin, itching
treat - topical fungi creams

50
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail
thickened discolored nail
oral antifungal meds

PCM Midterm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions