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RADT 157 Procedures & Positioning > Knee Femur Hip Pelvis > Flashcards

Knee Femur Hip Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Female Pelvis

A
  • Wide and shallow
  • Oval
  • Light bony structure
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2
Q

Male Pelvis

A
  • Narrow and deep
  • Round
  • Heavy bony structure
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3
Q

Femoral Neck forshortening is avoided by:

A

The greater trochanter is most prominent laterally, medial rotation

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4
Q

<19 cm ASIS:

A

3-5 degrees Caudad angle for AP+OBL knee

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5
Q

19-24 cm ASIS:

A

0 degrees angle for AP+OBL knee

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6
Q

> 24 cm ASIS:

A

3-5 cephalad angle for AP+OBL knee

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7
Q

When can the valgus and varus deformities of the knee be seen?

A

Weight-bearing AP knees

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8
Q

depression is found posteriorly between the condyles at the distal end of the femur

A

Intercondylar Fossa

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9
Q

Holmblad Method Central Ray

A

Entering the superior aspect of the popliteal fossa

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10
Q

How many degrees do you flex the knee for the Holmblad Method?

A

70 degrees

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11
Q

Camp-Coventry Central Ray

A

Entering the popliteal

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12
Q

How many degrees do you angle for camp-coventry method?

A
  • 40 degrees when knee is flexed 40 degrees
  • 50 degrees when knee is flexed 50 degrees
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13
Q

Beclere Method Central Ray

A

Perpendicular to the long axis of the lower leg, entering the knee joint ½ inch (1.3 cm) below the patellar apex.

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14
Q

How many degrees is the long axis of the femur in the Beclere method?

A

60 degrees

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15
Q

Beclere method tube angle

A

Perpendicular to the long axis of the lower leg

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16
Q

Hughston Method (Patella) central ray

A

Through the patello femoral joint

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17
Q

Hughston Method (Patella) Angle

A

45 degrees cephalad with knee bent 50-60 degrees

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18
Q

Settegast Method (Patella) central ray

A

Perpendicular to the joint space between the patella and the femoral condyles when the joint is perpendicular

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19
Q

Angulation for Settegast Method (Patella)

A

15 to 20 degrees

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20
Q

PA Patella rotate the heel:

A

5 to 10 degrees laterally

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21
Q

Central Ray for PA Patella

A

Midpopliteal

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22
Q

Knee flexion for lateral patella

A

5 to 10 degrees

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23
Q

Central ray for lateral patella

A

Midpatellofemoral joint

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24
Q

Flexion for Lateral Knee

A

20 to 30 degrees

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25
Q

If there is a fracture in the patella the knee should not be flexed more than:

A

10 degrees

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26
Q

Ligaments of the Knee:

A

Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Fibular collateral ligament

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27
Q

Two fibrocartilage disks in the knee:

A

Lateral and medial meniscus

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28
Q

New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled

A

Tumor

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29
Q

Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells

A

Chondrosarcoma

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30
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis variant involving the SI joints and spine

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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31
Q

Malformation of the acetabulum causing displacement of the femoral head

A

Congenital hip dysplasia

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32
Q

Displacement of a bone from the joint space

A

Dislocation

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33
Q

Disruption in the continuit of bone

A

Fracture

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34
Q

Flattening of the femoral head due to vascular interruption

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

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35
Q

Transfer of cancerous lesion from one area to another

A

Metastasis

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36
Q

Form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae

A

Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease

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37
Q

Increased density of atypically soft bone

A

Osteopetrosis

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38
Q

Loss of bone density

A

Osteoporosis

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39
Q

Thick, soft bone marked by bowing and fractures

A

Paget disease

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40
Q

Proximal portion of femur dislocated from distal portion at the proximal epiphysis

A

Slipped epiphysis

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41
Q

New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled

A

Tumor

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42
Q

Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells

A

Chondrosarcoma

43
Q

Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving the bone marrow and causing destruction of the bone

A

Multiple myeloma

44
Q

Incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

45
Q

How many degrees should the feet be turned in for an AP hip?

A

15 to 20 degrees medially

46
Q

How many degrees should the feet be turned in for an AP pevlis?

A

15 to 20 degrees medially

47
Q

AP Weightbearing Knee Central Ray

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to the center of the IR, entering at a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) below the apices of the patellae.

48
Q

What structure does the AP Weightbearing knee show?

A

Joint spaces

49
Q

PA Weightbearing knee Central Ray

A

Midpopliteal area

50
Q

Angle on tube for PA Weightbearing knees

A

10 degree caudal

51
Q

PA Weightbearing knee is useful for:

A

Evaluating joint space narrowing and showing articular cartilage disease on the posterior surface of the femoral condyles

52
Q

AP Hip CR enters where?

A

Perpindicular to femoral neck

53
Q

The proximal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

A

Synovial/ Gliding

54
Q

The distal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

A

Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)

55
Q

Which malleolus is higher?

A

Medial

56
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

synovial, diathrotic, hinge

57
Q

What creates the knee joint?

A

femoral condoyles and tibial plateaus

58
Q

What are the two ligaments on the sides of the knee?

A

Tibial collateral ligament & fibular collateral ligament

59
Q

What are the two ligaments in the center of the knee joint?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament & posterior cruciate ligament

60
Q

What two ligaments lie on the tibial plateau of the knee?

A

Lateral & Medial Meniscus

61
Q

Why is the tube angled 5-7 degrees cephalad on a lateral knee?

A

to prevent the joint space from being obscured by the magnified image of the medial femoral condyle.

62
Q

On a lateral knee projection, the medial condyle is slightly _____ to the lateral condyle

A

inferior

63
Q

On an ICF tunnel view, if the patella is in the fossa, how should the positioning be corrected?

A

leg is not bent enough so bend leg more

64
Q

The ICF views are looking for what?

A

foreign bodies, joint mice, intercondylar emminence may break off

65
Q

CR angulation on lateral knee

A

5-7 degrees cephalad

66
Q

AP Knee Oblique lateral and medial rotation of how many degrees?

A

45

67
Q

AP Oblique medial knee rotation, what condyles are of interest?

A

lateral

68
Q

AP oblique lateral knee rotation, what condyles are of interest?

A

medial

69
Q

ICF Holmblad method, knee is flexed how many degrees from the IR?

A

70 degrees

70
Q

Settegast/ Sunrise view patient’s knee is flexed how many degrees?

A

90

71
Q

The pelvis consists of what 4 bones?

A

2 hip bones (innominate or os coxae), Sacrum, Coccyx

72
Q

What is the weakest part of the femur?

A

femoral Neck

73
Q

Lateral Femur, knee is flexed how many degrees?

A

45

74
Q

What are the 3 parts of each hip?

A

Ilium, Ishium & Pubis

75
Q

What is the name of the cup shaped socket that articulates with the head of the femur?

A

acetabulum

76
Q

What is the name of the small depression at the center of the femoral head?

A

fovea capitis

77
Q

The ridge that extends between the trochanters at the base of the neck of the femur on the posterior surface is called what?

A

Intertrochanteric Crest

78
Q

The lesser prominent ridge that connects the trochanters anteriorly is called what?

A

Intertrochanteric Line

79
Q

The sacroiliac joint that articulates between the R/L ilia and the sacrum is what type of joint?

A

Irregular, gliding joint

80
Q

The hip joint is what type of joint?

A

Synovial, ball and socket

81
Q

Pubic symphysis is what type of joint?

A

Cartilaginous, slightly moveable

82
Q

The most prominent point of the greater trochanter is in the same horizontal plane as what?

A

pubic symphysis

83
Q

CR for Lauenstein Mediolateral hip?

A

Perpindicular through hip joint

84
Q

CR for Hickey mediolateral hip?

A

Cephalic angle of 20-25 degrees through hip joint

85
Q

Internal Oblique Judet method is used to show what?

A

posterior rim of acetabulum and iliopubic column

86
Q

External Oblique Judet method is used to show what?

A

anterior rim of acetabulum and ilioischial column

87
Q

Judet view internal oblique patient has affected hip_____.

A

up

88
Q

Judet view external oblique patient has affected hip_____.

A

down

89
Q

What is seen on the Danelius Miller view below the femoral head?

A

ischial tuberosity

90
Q

AP Axial Pelvic Outlet: Taylor Method degree of angulation

A

Men: 20-30 cephalad Women: 30-45 cephalad

91
Q

AP Axial Pelvic Inlet: Bridgeman Method degree of angulation

A

40 degrees caudad

92
Q

How would you find the femoral head from the ASIS?

A

2in medially and 4in distal

93
Q

What are the two most common sites of fracture on the proximal femur in elderly patients?

A

femoral neck and intertrochanteric crest

94
Q

To demonstrate the pubic and ischial rami without foreshortening, the ______ method should be used.

A

taylor

95
Q

Where does the CR enter for the “inlet” Bridgeman method?

A

ASIS

96
Q

Where does the CR enter for the “outlet” Taylor method?

A

2in distal to pubic symphysis

97
Q

Where does the CR enter on an AP projection of the pelvis?

A

2in above pubic symphysis

98
Q

CR angle on modified cleaves (oblique frog)

A

perpendicular (0 degrees)

99
Q

What method best demonstrates a suspected fracture of the acetabulum?

A

AP Oblique- Judet Method

100
Q

What position (obliquity) would be used to demonstrate the posterior rim of the left acetabulum?

A

45 degree RPO

101
Q

What portion of the acetabulum is demonstrated by the AP External Oblique Judet Method?

A

Anterior Rim

102
Q

What is the name of the process that separates the greater sciatic notch from the lesser sciatic notch on the hip bone?

A

ischial spine

103
Q

benign lesion of cortical bone

A

Osteoid osteoma

104
Q

disease process of the lower extremity is defined as an incomplete avulsion of the tibial tuberosity

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease

RADT 157 Procedures & Positioning (4 decks)

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