Knee Femur Hip Pelvis Flashcards
1
Q
Female Pelvis
A
- Wide and shallow
- Oval
- Light bony structure
2
Q
Male Pelvis
A
- Narrow and deep
- Round
- Heavy bony structure
3
Q
Femoral Neck forshortening is avoided by:
A
The greater trochanter is most prominent laterally, medial rotation
4
Q
<19 cm ASIS:
A
3-5 degrees Caudad angle for AP+OBL knee
5
Q
19-24 cm ASIS:
A
0 degrees angle for AP+OBL knee
6
Q
> 24 cm ASIS:
A
3-5 cephalad angle for AP+OBL knee
7
Q
When can the valgus and varus deformities of the knee be seen?
A
Weight-bearing AP knees
8
Q
depression is found posteriorly between the condyles at the distal end of the femur
A
Intercondylar Fossa
9
Q
Holmblad Method Central Ray
A
Entering the superior aspect of the popliteal fossa
10
Q
How many degrees do you flex the knee for the Holmblad Method?
A
70 degrees
11
Q
Camp-Coventry Central Ray
A
Entering the popliteal
12
Q
How many degrees do you angle for camp-coventry method?
A
- 40 degrees when knee is flexed 40 degrees
- 50 degrees when knee is flexed 50 degrees
13
Q
Beclere Method Central Ray
A
Perpendicular to the long axis of the lower leg, entering the knee joint ½ inch (1.3 cm) below the patellar apex.
14
Q
How many degrees is the long axis of the femur in the Beclere method?
A
60 degrees
15
Q
Beclere method tube angle
A
Perpendicular to the long axis of the lower leg
16
Q
Hughston Method (Patella) central ray
A
Through the patello femoral joint
17
Q
Hughston Method (Patella) Angle
A
45 degrees cephalad with knee bent 50-60 degrees
18
Q
Settegast Method (Patella) central ray
A
Perpendicular to the joint space between the patella and the femoral condyles when the joint is perpendicular
19
Q
Angulation for Settegast Method (Patella)
A
15 to 20 degrees
20
Q
PA Patella rotate the heel:
A
5 to 10 degrees laterally
21
Q
Central Ray for PA Patella
A
Midpopliteal
22
Q
Knee flexion for lateral patella
A
5 to 10 degrees
23
Q
Central ray for lateral patella
A
Midpatellofemoral joint
24
Q
Flexion for Lateral Knee
A
20 to 30 degrees
25
If there is a fracture in the patella the knee should not be flexed more than:
10 degrees
26
Ligaments of the Knee:
Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
27
Two fibrocartilage disks in the knee:
Lateral and medial meniscus
28
New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled
Tumor
29
Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells
Chondrosarcoma
30
Rheumatoid arthritis variant involving the SI joints and spine
Ankylosing spondylitis
31
Malformation of the acetabulum causing displacement of the femoral head
Congenital hip dysplasia
32
Displacement of a bone from the joint space
Dislocation
33
Disruption in the continuit of bone
Fracture
34
Flattening of the femoral head due to vascular interruption
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
35
Transfer of cancerous lesion from one area to another
Metastasis
36
Form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae
Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease
37
Increased density of atypically soft bone
Osteopetrosis
38
Loss of bone density
Osteoporosis
39
Thick, soft bone marked by bowing and fractures
Paget disease
40
Proximal portion of femur dislocated from distal portion at the proximal epiphysis
Slipped epiphysis
41
New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled
Tumor
42
Malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells
Chondrosarcoma
43
Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving the bone marrow and causing destruction of the bone
Multiple myeloma
44
Incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
45
How many degrees should the feet be turned in for an AP hip?
15 to 20 degrees medially
46
How many degrees should the feet be turned in for an AP pevlis?
15 to 20 degrees medially
47
AP Weightbearing Knee Central Ray
Horizontal and perpendicular to the center of the IR, entering at a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) below the apices of the patellae.
48
What structure does the AP Weightbearing knee show?
Joint spaces
49
PA Weightbearing knee Central Ray
Midpopliteal area
50
Angle on tube for PA Weightbearing knees
10 degree caudal
51
PA Weightbearing knee is useful for:
Evaluating joint space narrowing and showing articular cartilage disease on the posterior surface of the femoral condyles
52
AP Hip CR enters where?
Perpindicular to femoral neck
53
The proximal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?
Synovial/ Gliding
54
The distal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?
Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable)
55
Which malleolus is higher?
Medial
56
What type of joint is the knee?
synovial, diathrotic, hinge
57
What creates the knee joint?
femoral condoyles and tibial plateaus
58
What are the two ligaments on the sides of the knee?
Tibial collateral ligament & fibular collateral ligament
59
What are the two ligaments in the center of the knee joint?
Anterior cruciate ligament & posterior cruciate ligament
60
What two ligaments lie on the tibial plateau of the knee?
Lateral & Medial Meniscus
61
Why is the tube angled 5-7 degrees cephalad on a lateral knee?
to prevent the joint space from being obscured by the magnified image of the medial femoral condyle.
62
On a lateral knee projection, the medial condyle is slightly _____ to the lateral condyle
inferior
63
On an ICF tunnel view, if the patella is in the fossa, how should the positioning be corrected?
leg is not bent enough so bend leg more
64
The ICF views are looking for what?
foreign bodies, joint mice, intercondylar emminence may break off
65
CR angulation on lateral knee
5-7 degrees cephalad
66
AP Knee Oblique lateral and medial rotation of how many degrees?
45
67
AP Oblique medial knee rotation, what condyles are of interest?
lateral
68
AP oblique lateral knee rotation, what condyles are of interest?
medial
69
ICF Holmblad method, knee is flexed how many degrees from the IR?
70 degrees
70
Settegast/ Sunrise view patient's knee is flexed how many degrees?
90
71
The pelvis consists of what 4 bones?
2 hip bones (innominate or os coxae), Sacrum, Coccyx
72
What is the weakest part of the femur?
femoral Neck
73
Lateral Femur, knee is flexed how many degrees?
45
74
What are the 3 parts of each hip?
Ilium, Ishium & Pubis
75
What is the name of the cup shaped socket that articulates with the head of the femur?
acetabulum
76
What is the name of the small depression at the center of the femoral head?
fovea capitis
77
The ridge that extends between the trochanters at the base of the neck of the femur on the posterior surface is called what?
Intertrochanteric Crest
78
The lesser prominent ridge that connects the trochanters anteriorly is called what?
Intertrochanteric Line
79
The sacroiliac joint that articulates between the R/L ilia and the sacrum is what type of joint?
Irregular, gliding joint
80
The hip joint is what type of joint?
Synovial, ball and socket
81
Pubic symphysis is what type of joint?
Cartilaginous, slightly moveable
82
The most prominent point of the greater trochanter is in the same horizontal plane as what?
pubic symphysis
83
CR for Lauenstein Mediolateral hip?
Perpindicular through hip joint
84
CR for Hickey mediolateral hip?
Cephalic angle of 20-25 degrees through hip joint
85
Internal Oblique Judet method is used to show what?
posterior rim of acetabulum and iliopubic column
86
External Oblique Judet method is used to show what?
anterior rim of acetabulum and ilioischial column
87
Judet view internal oblique patient has affected hip_____.
up
88
Judet view external oblique patient has affected hip_____.
down
89
What is seen on the Danelius Miller view below the femoral head?
ischial tuberosity
90
AP Axial Pelvic Outlet: Taylor Method degree of angulation
Men: 20-30 cephalad Women: 30-45 cephalad
91
AP Axial Pelvic Inlet: Bridgeman Method degree of angulation
40 degrees caudad
92
How would you find the femoral head from the ASIS?
2in medially and 4in distal
93
What are the two most common sites of fracture on the proximal femur in elderly patients?
femoral neck and intertrochanteric crest
94
To demonstrate the pubic and ischial rami without foreshortening, the ______ method should be used.
taylor
95
Where does the CR enter for the "inlet" Bridgeman method?
ASIS
96
Where does the CR enter for the "outlet" Taylor method?
2in distal to pubic symphysis
97
Where does the CR enter on an AP projection of the pelvis?
2in above pubic symphysis
98
CR angle on modified cleaves (oblique frog)
perpendicular (0 degrees)
99
What method best demonstrates a suspected fracture of the acetabulum?
AP Oblique- Judet Method
100
What position (obliquity) would be used to demonstrate the posterior rim of the left acetabulum?
45 degree RPO
101
What portion of the acetabulum is demonstrated by the AP External Oblique Judet Method?
Anterior Rim
102
What is the name of the process that separates the greater sciatic notch from the lesser sciatic notch on the hip bone?
ischial spine
103
benign lesion of cortical bone
Osteoid osteoma
104
disease process of the lower extremity is defined as an incomplete avulsion of the tibial tuberosity
Osgood-Schlatter disease
