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MSK > Knee conditions > Flashcards

Knee conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

A

Deep medial collateral ligament

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2
Q

What is the function of the meniscii?

A

Aid force transmission

Increase stability

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3
Q

What are the two types of meniscal tear?

A

Acute

Degenerative

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4
Q

What is an acute meniscal tear caused by?

A

Twisting esp. in deep flexion

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5
Q

What is a degenerative meniscal tear caused by?

A

OA

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6
Q

What type of meniscal tears are more common?

A

Medial meniscal tears

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7
Q

What does damage to MCL usually result in?

A

Medical meniscal tear

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8
Q

What is the presentation of a meniscal tear?

A

Pain
Clicking
Locking
Intermittent sweling

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9
Q

What is the examination of meniscal tears like?

A 
LOOK:
?effusion
FEEL:
?tender joint line at point of tear
MOVE:
?mechanical block to movement
?McMurrays test positive
?fail deep squat
?Thassaly's test positive
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10
Q

What is McMurrays test?

A

Evaluates for meniscal tear in knee

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11
Q

What is Thessaly’s test?

A

Evaluates for meniscal tear in knee

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12
Q

What are the investigations for a meniscal tear?

A

XR

MRI

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13
Q

What is the most sensitive test for meniscal tear?

A

MRI

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14
Q

What is the management for meniscal tear?

A

Unlikely to heal = poor blood supply
Non-operative: rest, NSAIDs, physio (muscle strengthening)
Operative; arthroscopy (repair or resection)

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15
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Degenerative change of synovial joints
Progressive loss of articular cartilage
Secondary bony changes

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16
Q

What is OA characterised by?

A

Worsening pain and stiffness in affected joint

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17
Q

Where does the ACL run between?

A

From between tibial eminences to lateral wall of intercondylar notch of femur

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior articular nerve?

A

Posterior articular never

branch of tibial nerve

19
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Primary restraint to anterior translation of the tibia relative to femur
Secondary restraint to tibial rotation and varus/valgus stress

20
Q

What is the most common method of ACL tear?

A

Non-contact pivot injury

21
Q

What is the presentation of an ACL tear?

A

Pop or crack
Immediate swelling
Unable to continue activity- can walk in straight line
Deep pain

22
Q

What is the examination for ACL tear?

A 
LOOK:
?effusion
FEEL
MOVE:
?anterior draw test
?Lachmann's test
?pivot shift
23
Q

What are the investigations for ACL tear?

A

XR

MRI

24
Q

What menisci can be damaged simultaneous with ACL tear?

A

Lateral

25
Q

What is the management of ACL tear?

A

Non-operative: focussed quadricep programme

Operative: ACL reconstruction

26
Q

What muscle can be used as a graft for ACL reconstruction?

A

Hamstrings

27
Q

What is the function of the superficial MCL?

A

Primary restraint to valgus stress

28
Q

What is the function of the deep MCL?

A

Contributes to full knee extension
Attaches to medical meniscus
Continuous with joint capsule

29
Q

What is the most common ligament injury of the knee?

A

MCL tear

30
Q

How does MCL tear usually occur?

A

Severe valgus stress

31
Q

What are associated injuries of MCL tear?

A

ACL tear

Meniscal tear

32
Q

What is the presentation of an MCL tear?

A 
Pop or crack
Pain ++ (medial)
Unable to continue activity
Bruising medial knee
Localised swelling
33
Q

What is the examination for MCL tear?

A 
LOOK:
?medial swelling
?bruising
FEEL:
?tender medial joint line
?tender femoral insertion of MCL
MOVE:
?painful in full extension
?opening on valgus stress
34
Q

What are the investigations for MCL tear?

A

XR

MRI

35
Q

What is the treatment for MCL tear?

A

Non-operative: rest, NSAIDs, physio, brace

Operative: for severe tears, repair or reconstruction

36
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Pathological lesion affecting articular cartilage and subchondral bone

37
Q

What are the 2 forms of osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Juvenile - growth plates still open

Adult

38
Q

What is the cause of osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Hereditary
Traumatic
Vascular - adult

39
Q

Where are most cases of osteochondritis dissecans found?

A

Posterolateral aspect of medial femoral condyle

40
Q

How does osteochondritis dissecans present?

A

Activity related pain - poorly localised
Recurrent effusions
Mechanical symptoms: locking, block to full movement

41
Q

What is the examination of osteochondritis dissecans?

A 
LOOK:
?effusion
FEEL:
?localised tenderness
MOVE:
?stiffness
?block to movement
?Wilson's test
42
Q

What are the investigations for osteochondritis dissecans?

A

XR

MRI

43
Q

What is the treatment for osteochondritis dissecans?

A

Non-operative: restricted weight-bearing, ROM brace

Operative: arthroscopy or open fixation

MSK (17 decks)

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