Knee, Anterior & Lateral Leg Flashcards
What are the articulations of the knee joint?
2 between femur and tibia
1 between femur and patella
What are the main movements of the knee joint?
Flexion and extension
some medial and lateral rotation when flexed at 90 degrees
What are the important ligaments of the knee joint?
Iliotibial tract
Medial ad lateral colateral ligaments
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
What is the role of the menisci?
Shock absorbers
Stabilisation of femoral condyles onto tibial condyles
What is genu varum?
Bow legs
What is genu valgum?
Knock knee
Which menisci is more prone to tearing in a knee injury, and why?
Medial meniscus
Attachment to the medial collateral ligament
What is an unhappy triad knee injury?
Damage to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and ACL
What is the role of the ACL?
Prevention of anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hypextension of the knee joint
Where does the ACL attach to?
Lateral femoral condyle
Where does the PCL attach to?
Medial femoral condyle
What is the role of the PCL?
Prevention of posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperflexion of the knee joint
What is the role of the suprapatellar bursa?
Reduces friction on the quadriceps tendon during knee movements
Why is the common fibular nerve vulnerable to injury?
Enters the anterior leg from the popliteal fossa superficial to the neck of the fibula (compression injury)
Where does the common fibular nerve divide?
Fibular neck
What are the divisions of the common fibular nerve?
Superficial fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve
What is supplied by the superficial fibular nerve?
Lateral leg muscles
Skin on the dorsum of the foot
What is supplied by the deep fibular nerve?
Anterior leg muscles
Skin of first interdigital cleft
What are the anterior leg muscles?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorium longus
Fibularis tertius
What are the proximal attachments of the anterior leg muscles?
Tibia, fibula or interosseous membrane
What are the distal attachments of the anterior leg muscles?
(TA) Base of 1st metatarsal and cuniform
(EHL) Distal phalanges of great toe
(EDL) All digits
(FT) Base of 5th metatarsal
What are the main action of the anterior leg muscles?
Dorsiflexion of the ankle, great toe and digits
Inversion and eversion
What separates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?
Anterior intermuscular septum
What are the lateral leg muscles?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What are the proximal attachments of the lateral leg muscles?
Fibula
What are the distal attachments of the lateral leg muscles?
(FL) Plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal
(FB) Plantar surface of base of 5th metatarsal
What is the main action of the lateral leg muscles?
Eversion of the foot
