KNEE Flashcards
Label the diagram
If you tried to pull the tibia anteriorly at the knee, which ligament would stop this movement? From where does the ligament run and where does it attach?
Anterior cruciate ligament
From lateral femoral condyle to anterior tibia
If you tried to move the tibia posteriorly which ligament will resist the movement? From where does it attach?
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia
What is this image? Label
T1 weighted MRI of knee, sagittal view
What is this deformity? Which ligament in the knee normally prevents this kind of deformity? What are the attachments of this ligament?
Knock knees (genu valgum): valgus deformity is at knee
medial collateral ligament: medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
What is the deformity seen in the picture? Which ligament prevents this kind of deformity? What are the attachments of this ligament?
Bowlegs (genu varum): varus deformity of knee
Lateral collateral ligament: lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
Label the diagram. What is the function of the structures?
Menisci increase stability for femorotibial articulation, distribute axial load, absorb shock and provide lubrication and nutrition to knee joint
What is the difference between condyle and epicondyle?
What is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee? What is the typical cause of injury?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Often a noncontact athletic injury e.g. running, jumping, sudden change of direction
What test can you do to diagnose an anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Anterior drawer sign: bend knee at 90° angle and draw tibia forward. Forward movement is greater than normal in ACL tear
How can you test for injury to the posterior cruciate ligament?
Posterior drawer sign
How do you test for injury to the medial collateral ligament?
Valgus stress test - looking for excessive widening on the medial side and pain
A lateral blow to the knee causes which triad of injuries classically?
Unhappy triad is an injury to ACL, MCL, meniscus.
Analysis during 1990s indicated that this ‘classic’ O’Donoghue triad is actually an unusual clinical entity among athletes with knee injuries.
How do you test for lateral collateral ligament injury?
Varus stress test
this injury is rare in isolation as requires force from medial side, often occurs with severe knee injury
Which motions put specific stress on the menisci of the knee?
Twisting and pivoting
How do you test for meniscal damage?
McMurrays test
Extend knee while rotating foot in supine position. Pain = positive McMurrays test.
→ External rotation tests medial meniscus and internal rotation tests lateral meniscus. Medial meniscus test shown
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge-type synovial joint
What are bursa? How many does the knee have?
Synovial lined sacs that cushion between bones, tendons and muscles
Four
What is this condition? How was it treated?
on examination it is tender, warm and red
Prepatellar bursitus
NSAIDs, RICE
The rupture of what type of cyst commonly seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can mimic a DVT?
Baker’s cyst
Patient patient admitted with a swollen and painful knee who is unable to extend knee against gravity is likely to have which condition? How would you confirm? What are two differentials?
Patellar fracture = x-ray
- Quadriceps tendon tear
- Injury to patellar tendon
