Knee Flashcards
Flexion and extension occurs in what plane and axis
Sagittal Plane
Coronal Axis
Medial and Lateral rotation occurs in what plane and axis
Transverse Plane
Longitudinal Axis
Abduction and adduction occurs in what plane and axis
Frontal Plane
Anteroposterior Axis
Where is the quadriceps fat pad located
Anteriorly between the suprapatellar recess & quadriceps tendon
Prefemoral fat pad location
Is located between the suprapatellar recess & femur
Infrapatellar Fat pad of Hoffa
An intra-capsular but extra-synovial fat pad between the anterior knee joint and the patellar tendon
Prepatellar bursa
Anterior to the patella
Superficial Infrapatellar bursa
Anterior to the distal patellar tendon
Deep Infrapatellar bursa
Between the patellar tendon and proximal tibia
Semimembranosus-tibial collateral ligament bursa
Inverted U shape located at the joint line between the medial collateral ligament and the semimembranosus tendon
Semimembranosus-medial gastrocnemius bursa
Communicates to the knee joint in 50% adults who are older than 50 years and becomes a common recess for joint fluid and intra-articular bodies
What is Bursae
It prevents potential for substantial frictional forces among muscular, ligamentous and bony structures
Suprapatellar bursa
Lies between the quadriceps tendon and the anterior femur, superior to the patella
Subpopliteal bursa
Lies between the tendon of the popliteus muscle and the lateral femoral condyle
Gastrocnemius bursa
Lies between the tendon of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the medial femoral condyle
Prepatellar bursa
- Located between the skin and the anterior surface of the patella
- Allows free movement of the skin over the patella during flexion and extension
Infrapatellar bursa
Lies inferior to the patella, between the patellar tendon and the overlying skin
Deep Infrapatellar Bursa
1) Located between the patellar tendon and the tibial tuberosity
2) Helps to reduce friction between the patellar tendon and the tibial tuberosity
Patella
1) Largest Sesamoid bone
2) Apex is connected to the tibial tuberosity by the ligamentum patellae
3) Triangular and the apex lies inferiorly
4) Posterior Surface is connected to the femur
Fovea Capitis
1) Depression at the head for the attachment of the ligament of the head
2) Closely related to the branch of the obturator artery that supplies the femur
Tibia articulates with the
1) Condyles of the femur
2) Head of the fibula
3) Talus
4) Distal end of the fibula below
Soleal line
1) Located at the posterior surface of shaft
2) Attachment for the soleus
Fibula
1) Slender lateral bone of the leg
2) Not involved in the t transmission of body weight, but it provides attachment for muscles
3) Takes no part in the articulation at the knee joint, but below it forms the lateral malleolus of the ankle joint
Meniscus
1) Improves tibiofemoral congruence forming concavities into which the femoral condyles sit
2) Aids in distributing weight-bearing forces
3) Fibrocartilaginous disks with a semicircular shape
Role of the Meniscus
1) Strong attachments to the menisci prevent them from being squeezed out during compression of the tibiofemoral joint
2) With the addition of the menisci, the contact at the tibiofemoral joint is increased and joint stress is, therefore, reduced on the joint’s articular cartilage
The superficial portion of MCL
Arises proximally from the medial femoral epicondyle and travels distally to insert into the medial aspect of the proximal tibia
Deep portion of the MCL
Continuous with the joint capsule, originates from the inferior aspect of the medial femoral condyle
Arcuate Ligament
Y-shaped capsular thickening found in nearly 70% of knees
