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Lower Extremity > Hip and Pelvis > Flashcards

Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The upper medial quadrant is supplied by

A

Posterior rami of upper three lumbar nerves and upper three sacral nerves

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2
Q

The upper lateral quadrant is supplied by

A

Lateral branches of the iliohypogastric (L1) and 12th thoracic nerves (anterior rami)

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3
Q

The lower lateral quadrant is supplied by

A

Branches from the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2 and 3, anterior rami)

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4
Q

The lower medial quadrant is supplied by

A

Branches from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1, 2, and 3 and anterior rami)

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5
Q

Contains a lot of fat and thicker in women. It contributes to the prominence of the buttocks

A

Superficial Fascia

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6
Q

Continuous below with the deep fascia of the thigh

A

Deep Fascia

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7
Q

Continuation of the deep fascia on the lateral surface of the thigh and it is thickened to form a strong, wide band that is attached above to the tubercle of the iliac crest and below to the lateral condyle of the tibia

A

Iliotibial tract or Iliotibial band

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8
Q

Drains the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and passes upward directly in front of the medial malleolus

A

Great Saphenous Vein

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9
Q

The blood and nerve supply of anterior fascial compartments of the thigh

A

Femoral artery and nerve

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10
Q

Muscles located in Anterior Fascial compartments of thigh

A

Sartorius, iliacus, psoas, pectineus, and quadriceps femoris

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11
Q

The components of quadriceps femoris muscle

A

Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus intermedius

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12
Q

An intermuscular cleft situated on the medial aspect of the middle third of the thigh beneath the sartorius muscle

A

Adductor Canal

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13
Q

Blood and nerve supply of medial fascial compartments of the thigh

A

Profunda femoris and obturator artery

Obturator nerve

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14
Q

Muscles of medial fascial compartments of the thigh

A 
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus
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15
Q

Blood and nerve supply of posterior fascial compartments of thigh

A

Branches of the profunda femoris artery

Sciatic nerve

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16
Q

Muscle of posterior fascial compartment of the thigh

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Adductor magnus (hamstring portion)

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17
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint

A

Synovial ball-and-socket joint

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18
Q

A strong inverted Y-shaped ligament and prevents overextension during standing

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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19
Q

A triangular ligament that limits extension and abduction

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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20
Q

A spiral shaped ligament that limits extension

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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21
Q

This ligament is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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22
Q

This ligament is flat and triangular which is unsheathed by synovial membrane

A

Ligament of the head of the femur

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23
Q

When the knee is flexed, flexion is limited by the

A

Anterior surface of the thigh coming into contact with the anterior abdominal wall

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24
Q

When the knee is extended, flexion is limited by

A

The tension of the hamstring group of muscles

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25
Q

What ligament limits the tension of abduction

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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26
Q

What ligaments limit the tension of lateral rotation

A

Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligament

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27
Q

What ligament limits the tension of medial rotation

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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28
Q

When the hip is extended, these ligaments limit the tension

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

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29
Q

Muscles whose action is flexion

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Adductor Muscles

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30
Q

Muscles whose action is extension

A

Gluteus Maximus

Hamstrings

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31
Q

Muscles whose action is abduction

A

Gluteus Medius & Minimus

assisted by sartorius, tensor fascia latae, piriformis

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32
Q

Muscles whose action is adduction

A 
Adductor longus and brevis
Adductor magnus (fibers)
assisted by pectineus and gracilis
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33
Q

Muscles whose action is lateral rotation

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus and externus
Superior and Inferior Gemelli
Quadratus Femoris

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34
Q

Muscles whose action is medial rotation

A

Gluteus medius and minimus (anterior fibers)

Tensor Fascia Latae

35
Q

The extensor group of muscles is powerful than the

A

Flexor group

36
Q

The lateral rotators are more powerful than the

A

Medial rotators

37
Q

Pelvic Inlet (Ante, Poste, Late)

A

Anteriorly: Symphysis Pubis
Posteriorly: Promontory of sacrum, ala of sacrum
Laterally: Iliopectineal (arcuate) lines

38
Q

Pelvic Oulet (Ante, Poste, Late)

A

Anteriorly: Symphysis Pubis
Posteriorly: Coccyx
Anterolaterally: ischiopubic ramus
Posterolaterally: Sacrotuberous ligament

39
Q

Shallowest wall and is formed by the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the pubic bones, the pubic rami, and the symphysis pubis

A

Anterior Pelvic Wall

40
Q

Large wall and formed by sacrum, coccyx, and piriformis muscles. Covered by the parietal pelvic fascia

A

Posterior Pelvic Wall

41
Q

Lateral rotator of hip joint and it is inserted into the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur

A

Piriformis Muscle

42
Q

Formed by part of the hip bone, obturator membrane, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and obturator internus muscle

A

Lateral Pelvic Wall

43
Q

These two ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina

A

Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligament

44
Q

This muscle is a lateral rotator of the femur at the hip joint

A

Obturator Internus

45
Q

A basin-like structure wall which supports the pelvic viscera and is formed by the pelvic diaphragm. It stretches across the true pelvis and divides it into true pelvic and perineum.

A

Inferior Pelvic Wall

46
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm consists of

A

Levator ani & coccygeus muscles

47
Q

A wide thin sheet originating from the back of the body of the pubis and divided into anterior, intermediate, and posterior fibers

A

Levator Ani Muscles

48
Q

The origin of this muscle is in the back of the body of the pubis, tendinous arch of the obturator fascia and spine of ischium

A

Levator Ani Muscle

49
Q

The anterior fibers of the Levator Ani

A

Levator Prostate

Sphincter Vaginae

50
Q

The intermediate fibers of Levator Ani

A

Puborectalis- important in fecal continence

Pubococcygeaus

51
Q

The posterior fibers of Levator Ani

A

Iliococcygeus

Coccygeus

52
Q

Nerve supply of Levator Ani

A

Perineal branch of the 4th sacral and pudendal nerve

53
Q

A small but limited amount of movement is possible at these joints

A

Sacroiliac joints

54
Q

The counternutation of sacrum & coccyx

A

Coccyx moves anteriorly

55
Q

The nutation of ischial tuberosities

A

move apart

56
Q

The counternutation of iliac crest

A

Approximately

57
Q

The nutation of sacral promontory

A

Moves inferiorly & anteriorly

58
Q

There is almost no movement possible at this joint

A

Symphysis pubis joint

59
Q

Extensive flexion and extension are possible at this joint

A

Sacrococcygeal joint

60
Q

Provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot and part of the pelvis

A

Sacral Plexus

61
Q

Anterior contents of Pelvic Cavity

A

UB

male & female internal organs

62
Q

Posterior contents

A

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

63
Q

A diamond-shaped region positioned inferiorly to the pelvic floor between the thighs

A

Perineum

64
Q

Perineum is bounded laterally by

A

Ischial Tuberosity

65
Q

Perineum is bounded posterolaterally by

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

66
Q

Anterior Pelvic Tilt

A

Pelvis moves anteriorly
ASIS is forward
Pubic Symphysis moves backward
Shearing stress on L5-S1 joint

67
Q

Posterior Pelvic Tilt

A

Pelvis tilted posteriorly
ASIS is backward
Pubic symphysis moves forward
Compression on L5-S1 joint

68
Q

Characterized by a neck-shaft angle greater than 125 degrees. The angle is “straighter”. Tends to make the limb longer, thus placing the hip in an adducted position during weight-bearing

A

Coxa Valga

69
Q

A deformity in which the neck-shaft angle is less than the normal 125 degrees. It is “more bent” it tends to make the involved limb shorter, dropping the pelvis on that side during weight bearing

A

Coxa Vara

70
Q

The angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the transverse plane

A

Angle of Torsion

71
Q

Increase in angle which forces the hip joint into a more medially rotated position. This causes a person to walk more “toed in”

A

Anteversion

72
Q

A decrease in the angle of torsion and forces the hip joint into a more laterally rotated position causing the person to walk more “toed out”

A

Retroversion

73
Q

Pelvic surface of symphysis pubis faces

A

Upward and backward

74
Q

Pelvic surface of anterior surface of sacrum

A

Forward and downward

75
Q

A gap in the deep fascia in the front of thigh just below the inguinal ligament

A

Saphenous opening

76
Q

Lower lateral border of the opening, which lies anterior to the femoral vessels

A

Falciform margin

77
Q

The saphenous opening is filled with loose connective tissue

A

Cribrifrom fascia

78
Q

False Pelvis is bounded by

A

Poste: Lumbar Vertebrae
Laterally: Iliac fossae and the iliacus
Ante: Lower part of the anterior abdominal wall (supports the abdominal contents)

79
Q

Posterior Pelvic Wall is formed by

A

Sacrum
Coccyx
Piriformis

80
Q

Actions of Levator Ani

A
  1. Muscles of the two sides form an efficient muscular sling that supports and maintains the pelvic viscera in position
  2. They resist the rise in intra pelvic pressure during the straining and expulsive efforts of the abdominal muscles (as in coughing)
  3. They have a very important role in maintaining the fecal continence
  4. They serve as a vaginal sphincter in the female
81
Q

Stretches between the two sides of the pubic arch and covers the anterior part of the outlet

A

Perineal membrane

82
Q

Irregular fibromuscular mass located between the anal canal and the perineal membrane

A

Perineal body

83
Q

If there is right forward rotation of the pelvis, there is

A

left hip medial rotation

84
Q

With right backward rotation of the pelvis, there is

A

left hip lateral rotation

Lower Extremity (3 decks)

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