knee Flashcards
what type of joint is the knee joint?
synovial
hinge joint
menisci
fibrocartilagnous cup-shaped structures interposed between articular surfaces of femur and tibia
cushion joint and provide great surface area of articulation
arrangement of medial and lateral menisci
medial meniscus attached to tibial collateral ligament
lateral meniscus separated from fibular collateral ligament by intervening tendon of the popliteus muscle
clinical significance: blow to lateral side of knee with foot implanted on ground may stretch and/or tear tibial collateral ligament - because attached to medial meniscus, meniscus may tear too
anterior cruciate ligament
prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur
posterior cruciate ligament
prevents posterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur
popliteus muscle
required to unlock knee - rotates femur laterally
popliteal fossa (boarders and contents)
borders:
medial: semimenbranosus and semitendinosus
lateral: biceps femoris
distally: two heads of gastrocnemius
contains:
- popliteal artery and veins
- tibial and common fibular nerves, fat and lymph nodes
innervation of compartments of leg
posterior: tibial
anterior: deep fibular
lateral: superficial fibular
muscles of anterior compartment of leg:
dorsiflex and invert foot and extend toes all innervated by deep fibular nerve extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus tibialis anterior
muscles of lateral compartment of leg:
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
innervated by superficial fibular nerve
evert the foot
muscles of superficial posterior compartment of leg:
gastrocnemius plantarflex foot and flex knee soleus just plantarflexes foot plantaris innervated by tibial nerve
muscles of the deep posterior compartment of leg:
flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior popliteus flexor hallucis longus tibial nerve or its branches plantarflex and invert foot, flex toes
sciatic nerve in leg
splits into tibial and common fibular - pass through popliteal fossa
tibial nerve goes with posterior tibial artery inferiorly
common fibular nerve goes subcutaneously around neck of fibula - branches into superficial and deep fibular nerves
sural nerve
sensory
gets nerve fibers from both tibial and common fibular nerves
passes posterior to lateral malleolus on its way to the lateral foot
superficial fibular nerve
from common fibular nerve from sciatic
motor innervation to muscles of lateral compartment of leg (fibularis longus and brevis) - evert foot
cutaneous innervation to lateral side and most of dorsum of foot
deep fibular nerve
from common fibular from sciatic
to anterior compartment muscles (dorsiflex and invert foot and extend toes)
goes to skin between big and 2nd toes
popliteal artery
passes through adductor hiatus
ends in anterior and posterior tibial arteries
posterior tibial gives off fibular artery branch
anterior tibial
from popliteal
passes through opening in interosseus membrane between tibia and fibula bones
supplies anterior compartment (and some blood to lateral compartment)
descends across anterior of ankle onto dorsum of foot = dorsalis pedis
posterior tibial artery
from popliteal
give off fibular
continues distally posterior to interosseus membrane - posterior to medial malleolus
to sole of foot
fibular artery
from posterior tibial from popliteal
descends along medial boarder of fibula - some branches perforate interossius membrane to supply lateral compartment
great saphenous vein
from dorsal venous arch of foot
anterior to medial malleolus to medial aspect of leg and thigh
drains into femoral vein at saphenous opening
accompanied by saphenous nerve
saphenous nerve
accompanies great saphenous vein
cutaneous sensory branch of femoral nerve
medial side fo leg and foot
deep veins of leg
follow arteries and are similarly named
connected to superficial veins by perforating veins
small saphenous vein
begins at lateral venous arch of foot
passes posterior to lateral malleolus
ascends in posterior leg alongside sural nerve
pierces fascia to drain into popliteal vein
lymphatic drainage of leg
popliteal lymph nodes are first filters
vessels etc. in anterior compartment of leg
anterior tibial artery
deep fibular nerve
all right on top of interossius membrane
vessels etc. in lateral compartment of leg
sup fibular nerve on anterior boarder of fibularis longus
vessels etc. in posterior compartment of leg
in skin, small saphenous vein
in compartment near fibula, fibular artery
in compartment medial to fibula, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve
medial to tibula in subcutaneous fat, great saphenous vein and saphenous nerve
structures posterior to medial malleolus
tibialis posterior tendon flexor digitorum longus tendon posteror tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve flexor hallicis longus tendon
tom, dick, and very nervous harry
anterior talofibular ligament
most often injured in an inversion sprain of teh ankle
ligaments that support the longitudinal arch of the foot
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament plantar aponeurosis
support to arches of foot
from tendons of tibialis anterior and posterior muscles with fibularis longus tendon
