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Kinesiology: Final Exam > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

why is the knee subjected to very large moments?

A

connects the longest two levers in the body; has powerful musculature

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2
Q

arthrokinematic motion of knee flexion? (closed chain)

A

posterior roll, anterior glide

w/ lateral rotation

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3
Q

what are the functions of the menisci?

primary function of menisci?

A

shock absorption,
lubrication,
decreases joint stress
stabilization

increase the tibiofemoral contact area

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4
Q

what is compressed during genu varum?

A

medial mensicus

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5
Q

what is compressed during genu valgum?

A

lateral meniscus

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6
Q

what does the medial meniscus attach to?

A

MCL, ACL, PCL, and semimebranosus

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7
Q

what does the lateral meniscus attach to?

A

ACL, Meniscofemoral ligament, popliteus

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8
Q

which direction does the meniscus move during flexion?

which direction does the meniscus move during extension?

A

posterior

anterior

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9
Q

What is the normal femoro-tibial joitn alignment?

A

5-10 degrees of valgus

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10
Q

what is the normal gait pattern during walking for knee flexion?

A

65-75 degrees of knee flexion

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11
Q

what is the normal gait pattern during climbing stairs for knee flexion?

A

90-110 degrees of knee flexion

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12
Q

what is the primary factor that affects knee rotation?

A

sagittal plane position

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13
Q

what is the extensor retinaculum composed of?

A

medial patellofemoral ligament and lateral patellofemoral ligament; quadriceps muscle

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14
Q

what is the posterior capsule composed of?

A

oblique popliteal ligament, posterior oblique, arcuate ligament

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15
Q

what two ligaments attach to the popliteus?

A

oblique popliteal ligament and arcuate ligament

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16
Q

when are the MCL and LCL taught?

A

in extension

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17
Q

which ligament protects from anterior sheer force?

A

MCL

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18
Q

what two structures protect from a varus stress?

A

popliteus, ITB

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19
Q

what compartment does loading occur in for varus stress?

A

medial compartment

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20
Q

what does the ACL protect from?

A

anterior glide of tibia, excessive extension

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21
Q

when is the anteromedial bundle more taught?

A

flexion & tibial medial rotation

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22
Q

when is the posterolateral bundle more taught?

A

extension

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23
Q

which ligaments resist rotary forces?

A

all

24
Q

which ligaments resist anterior and posterior glide?

A

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

25
Q

static loading on the FTJ is affected by?

A

malalignment (varus or valgus); obesity

26
Q

what kind of moment does gait cause at the FTJ?

A

adduction

27
Q

what is the primary function of the patella?

A

to increase MA of quads

28
Q

how much pull is on the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius?

A

35 degree lateral pull

29
Q

how much pull does the vastus medialis have?

A

40 degree medial pull

30
Q

what is the quad resultant pull?

A

7-10 degrees laterally

31
Q

what are the primary motions of the patella during knee flexion?

A

inferior glide, medial and lateral translation until 30-45 degrees, lateral tilt, patellar flexion

32
Q

what is the closed pack position of the patella?

A

flexion

33
Q

when does the contact area of the patella increase as the knee flexes?

A

at 90 degrees

34
Q

what is the function of the popliteus?

A

unlocks the knee by medially rotating the tibia

35
Q

what does the hamstring muscle group resist?

A

varus and valgus forces, resists anterior glide

36
Q

what is the function of pes anserinus?

A

medial rotation, flexion, and resists valgus force and lateral rotation forces

37
Q

what is the function of the TFL?

A

extension, lateral rotation, and resists varus force

38
Q

when is length tension the greatest for the knee extensors?

A

higher force towards flexion if the hip is flexed

39
Q

During a closed kinematic chain exercise (squat), when is moment arm the greatest?

A

in knee flexion

40
Q

as knee flexion moment increases, this increases _______ force.

A

knee extension force

41
Q

when is there an increased PFJ loading?

A

during quad contraction and knee flexion

42
Q

glut med weakness causes what?

A

increase in femoral IR, femur tracks under patella

43
Q

if you have foot pronated, what happens to the tibia?

A

internally rotates

44
Q

what are the most effective treatments for patellofemoral problems?

A

hip external rotation strengthening, knee extensor strengthening, quads, glutes, hip flexors and extensors

45
Q

arthrokinematic motion of open chain knee extension.

A

anterior roll, anterior glide, lateral rotation

46
Q

arthrokinematic motion of closed chain knee extension.

A

anterior roll, posterior glide, medial rotation

47
Q

arthrokinematic motion of open chain knee flexion.

A

posterior roll, posterior glide

48
Q

when does the suprapatellar pouch slide downward?

A

during knee flexion

49
Q

what is genu recurvatum known as?

A

hyperextension

50
Q

what causes an increase in the Q angle?

A

lateral tibial torsion

51
Q

what occurs at the knee with an increase in Q angle?

A

anterior knee pain

52
Q

dynamic loading at the FTJ is affected by what?

A

3x body weight and gait causing an adduction moment at the FTJ resulting in compression in medial compartment

53
Q

which type of tracking is associated with PFJ pain?

A

lateral tracking

54
Q

what is the downside of having knee musculature?

A

increases the compressive loads

55
Q

in open chain, when is there maximal JRF?

A

midrange

56
Q

in closed chain, when is there maximal JRF?

A

90 degrees

Kinesiology: Final Exam (3 decks)

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