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Kinesiology: Final Exam > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the motion of non-weight bearing pronation at subtalar joint.

A

DF, EV, ABD

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2
Q

Describe the motion of non-weight bearing supination at subtalar joint.

A

PF, INV, ADD

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3
Q

what is significant about the ankle mortise?

A

it is adjustable

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4
Q

talus is wider _____ than _____

A

anteriorly, than posteriorly

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5
Q

what is considered loose pack position of the ankle?

A

PF

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6
Q

what is the tibial torsion angle?

A

20-40 degrees of lateral rotation of the tibai

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7
Q

how many degres is the talus angled at in relation to horizontal?

A

14 degrees

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8
Q

what movement does the deltoid ligament prevent?

A

eversion and pronation

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9
Q

which capsule of the subtalar joint is the largest?

A

posterior capsule

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10
Q

the anterior and medial facets of the subtalar joint share capsules with which other joint?

A

talonavicular joint

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11
Q

what is calcaneovalgus the same as saying?

A

abduction (>180 degrees)

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12
Q

what is calcaneovarus the same as saying?

A

adduction (<180 degrees)

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13
Q

what motion is anterior talofibular ligament stressed with?

A

PF

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14
Q

what motion is calcaneofibular ligament stressed with?

A

INV

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15
Q

what motion is posterior talofibular ligament stressed with?

A

DF & INV

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16
Q

the posterior facet of the talocalcaneal joint transmits how much force?

A

75%

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17
Q

what is the strongest ligament of the subtalar joint?

A

cervical ligament

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18
Q

what is the subtalar joint axis relative to the horizontal?

A

16 degrees

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19
Q

what is the subtalar joint axis relative to the vertical?

A

42 degrees

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20
Q

what is the transverse tarsal joint formed by?

A

the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid ligaments

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21
Q

transverse tarsal joint motion occurs with the subtalar joint. T/F?

A

True

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22
Q

_____ head of talus supports _____ head of navicular bone.

A

convex, concave

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23
Q

what ligament is talonavicular joint supported by?

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring)

24
Q

what is the locked position at the subtalar joint?

A

supination

25
Q

what is the loose packed position at the subtalar joint?

A

pronation

26
Q

what happens at the transverse tarsal joint with supination?

A

supination

27
Q

what happens at the transverse tarsal joint with pronation?

A

supination

28
Q

what are the mechanical properties of pronation at the foot?

A

flexibility, shock absorption, allows accomodation to uneven surfaces

29
Q

what are the mechanical properties of supination at the foot?

A

stability, makes foot rigid for propulsion

30
Q

what does pronation facilitate at the tibia?

A

knee flexion

31
Q

what does supination facilitate at the tibia?

A

knee extension

32
Q

what is a supinated foot known as?

A

pes cavus

33
Q

what is a pronated foot known as?

A

pes planus

34
Q

excessive hindfoot pronation is called what at the forefoot?

A

forefoot varus

35
Q

how many degrees of freedom does the MTP joint have and what are they?

A

2, PF, DF, ADD, ABD

36
Q

what is the purpose of the sesamoid bone on the 1st MTP?

A

serves as an anatomic pulley for flexor hallucis brevis

37
Q

define hallux rigidis.

A

limited extension of the 1st MTP

38
Q

what is the normal walking angle of the toes for extension?

A

35-65 degrees

39
Q

define hammer toe deformity.

A

extension of MTP, flexion of IP

40
Q

in order to compensate for the increased ray angle causing hallux valgus, what occurs at the metatarsus?

A

metatarsus varus

41
Q

what ligaments support the medial longitudinal arch?

A

short and long plantar ligaments, spring ligament, plantar aponeurosis

42
Q

name the keystone of the longitudinal arch.

A

talus

43
Q

name the keystone of the transverse arch (tarsal bone)

A

medial cuneiform

44
Q

name the keystone of the transverse arch (metatarsal)

A

2nd metatarsal

45
Q

where does the plantar aponeurosis attach?

A

proximal phalanx of each toe

46
Q

what percentage of the body weight does plantar aponeurosis bear during gait?

A

96%

47
Q

describe the windlass mechanism.

A

extension of the toe will cause supination of the foot (in order to protect the plantar aponeurosis)

48
Q

all muscles of the ankle and foot cross how many joints?

A

2

49
Q

what are the two most powerful PF?

A

gastoc and soleus

50
Q

gasrocnemius pulls the calcaneus into what motion?

A

supination (can also help us move into pronation as well)

51
Q

what two muscles have a long MA for supination?

A

gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior

52
Q

action of Gastroc, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus

A

INV & PF

53
Q

where does fibularis longus attach?

A

medial cuneiform

54
Q

what subtalar motion is fib longus good for?

A

pronation

55
Q

function of lumbricals and interossei.

A

flexion of MCP and extension of IP

56
Q

what is the use of lumbricals and interossei?

A

prevents curling in of toes

Kinesiology: Final Exam (3 decks)

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