Knee

Question 0

Medial Collateral Ligament test

aka Abduction Stress Test
aka Valgus Stress Test

Answer 0

Positive: Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line

Indicates: Torn medial collateral ligament

Question 1

McMurray Sign

Answer 1

Positive: Clicking sound or pain by the knee joint

Indicates: Tear of the medial meniscus if positive on external rotation.
Tear of the lateral meniscus of positive on internal rotation.
The higher the leg is raised when positive is elicited, the more posterior the meniscal injury

Question 2

Lateral Collateral Ligament Test

aka Adduction Stress Test
aka Varus Stress Test

Answer 2

Positive: Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below joint line

Indicates: Torn lateral collateral ligament

Question 3

Bounce home test

Answer 3

Positive: Knee does not go into full extension (slight flexion remains)

Indicates: Diffuse swelling of knee, accumulation of fluid, due to possible torn meniscus

Question 4

Drawer Test

Answer 4

Positive: 1) Gapping greater than 6mm (tibia moves posterior) when the leg is pushed
2) Gapping greater than 6mm (tibia moves anterior) when the leg is pulled

Indicates: 1) Torn posterior cruciate ligament
2) Torn anterior cruciate ligament

Question 5

Apprehension test for the Patella

Answer 5

Positive: Apprehension, distress of facial expression, contraction of quadriceps to bring patella back in line

Indicates: Chronic patella dislocation or predisposition to dislocation

Question 6

Patella Formal Grinding Test

aka Clarke Sign

Answer 6

Positive: Retropatellar pain and the patient is unable to hold the quadriceps contraction.

Indicates: Degenerative changes of the patellar facets and/or within the throchlear groove (chondromalacia patella)

Question 7

Patella Ballottment test

Answer 7

Positive: A floating sensation of the patella

Indicates: A large amount of swelling in the knee

Question 8

Apley compression test

Answer 8

Positive: Patient points to side of pain

Indicates: Pain in medial side is medial meniscus tear, pain on lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear

Question 9

Apley distraction test

Answer 9

Positive: Patient will point to side of pan

Indicates: Pain on the medial side indicates medial collateral ligament tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral collateral ligament tear.

Question 10

Lachman Test

Answer 10

Positive: Gapping with the tibia moving away from the femur

Indicates: Anterior cruciate ligament or posterior oblique ligament instability