Foot and Ankle

Question 0

Ankle dorsiflexion test

Answer 0

Positive: 1) The foot cannot dorsiflex with the knee extended, but is able to with the knee flexed
2) The foot cannot dorsiflex in either knee position

Indicates: 1) contracture of the gastrocnemius muscle
2) contracture of the soleus muscle

Question 1

Drawer sign

Answer 1

Positive: Translation with the talus moving away from or toward the tibia

Indicates: 1) With tibia pushed/foot pulled; a tear/instability of the anterior talofibular ligament
2) With Tibia pulled/foot pushed; a tear/instability of the posterior talofibular ligament

Question 2

Rigid or Supple Flat Feet test (Hoppenfeld)

Answer 2

Positive:

1) Absence of medial longitudinal arch in both positions
2) Presence of medial longitudinal arch while seated with a loss of medial longitudinal arch while standing

Indicates:

1) Rigid flat feet
2) Supple flat feet

Question 3

Homans Sign

Answer 3

State: Some sources recommend squeezing the calf, but other sources feel it is contraindicated

Positive: Deep pain in the calf

Indicates: Deep vein thrombophlebitis

Question 4

Thompson Test

Answer 4

Positive: Absence of foot plantar flexion motion

Indicates Achilles’ tendon rupture

Question 5

Morton Test

Answer 5

Positive: Sharp pain in the forefoot

Indicates: Metatarsalgia or neuroma (usually at the 3rd and 4th metatarsal interspace)