Knee Flashcards
MCL sprain
Blow to outside of the knee
Acute
Sounds like a pop
Swelling around medial joint line
Hard to bend
Instability
LCL sprain
Blow from inside the leg (less common)
Rarely injured alone
MC in gymnastics / tennis
Pain , swelling
Can be acute or chronic
ACL tear
Associated with meniscal injuries
Pain swelling
Stiffness
Prevents tib from moving anteriorly
PCL tear
Usually traumatic when knee is in flexion
Stronger than ACL less commonly injured
Inability to weight bare
What is the meniscus
Two C shaped pieces of fibrocartilage
Lateral and medial
Sit between femur and tibia
Used as shock absorbers, load distribution, stabilises joint
Meniscus tears
Traumatic or degenerative
Medial more commonly injured than lateral
Twisting with flexion and weight baring
Consider meniscofemoral and transverse ligs
Which part of meniscus has better healing
Lateral 1/3 as it is red-red, more vascular compared to medial
Clinical presentation of meniscus tears
Deep knee pain
Joint line tenderness
Popping / snapping sounds
Hard to extend
Swelling if its acute
What is chondromalacia patella or runners knee
When cartilage under the knee cap breaks down so the patella rubs on the femur
How does a runners knee happen
Over use injury or biomechanical imbalance
How does chondromalacia present
Anterior or lateral knee pain with swelling and grinding sensation.
Knee pain gets worse after sitting for a long time, stairs or squatting
What is patella tendinopathy
Inability of patella tendons to support load from overuse and a traumatic
What is patella plica
Membrane folds that form during embryo logic development which are usually reabsorbed but can cause issues if inflamed
What happens to a patella plica when it is inflamed
Can become enlarged and fibrous which impacts movement and possibly cause impingement
Presentation of patella plica
Pain, clicking, popping, swelling, reduced ROM, pain around medial border of patella
What is patella effusion
Swollen knee from synovial fluid, pus or blood
Can be result from infection or linked to autoimmune pathologies
Reduced ROM
What is pes anserinus bursitis
Irritation of bursa at anterior medial tibia site
What is IT band syndrome
From glute max and TFL inserts on lateral tibia (Gerdys tubercle)
Lateral knee pain
What is Osgood Schlatter disease
Inflammation of patella tendons to where it attaches to tibial tub
Causes bone to overgrow and a lump to form
It is irreversible
Active phase happens as a child but lump stays
Presentation of osgood schlatter disease
Young people who jump or run a lot
Anterior knee pain
Tender TiB tub
Painful resisted knee extension
What is osteochondrtiitis desiccans
Children and adolescents
Sub chondral bone separates due to avascular necrosis
Presents as joint pain and swelling after activity
What most likely condition with traumatic injury
Ligamentous damage
Meniscus tear
What is most likely condition with atraumatic
Meniscus injury
Patella tendinopathy
Patella effusion
Plica syndrome
Pes anserine bursitis
Patient comes in with medial knee pain, what would you think
Pes anserine bursitis
Patella plica syndrome
Medial meniscus injury
