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MST > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Knee swelling/effusion measurements important to determine? What nerves can be compressed in the popliteal fossa?

A

Internal knee damage

Tibial and/or common peroneal nerves

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2
Q

Varus stress test(s?)

A

LCL, lateral joint capsule, possible ACL/PCL at 0*

LCL @ 20-30*

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3
Q

Valgus stress test(s?)

A

MCL, medial joint capsule, ACL/PCL @ 0*

MCL @ 20-30*

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4
Q

Stroke/sweep/bulge

A

3-4 strokes medial and upward

1 stroke down laterally

0 - no effusion
Trace - small wave on medial side w/ downstroke
1 - large bulge on medial side w/ downstroke
2 - swelling spontaneously returns
3 - too swollen to move effusion

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5
Q

Acute phase of healing

A

Reduce pain and swelling
Control inflammation
Regain ROM (close to unaffected side)
Minimize muscular weakness and atrophy
Achieve early NM control
Maintain/develop CV fitness

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6
Q

Functional phase of rehab (subacute - chronic)

A

Attain full and pain free ROM
Restore normal joint kinematics
Increase muscular strength
Improve NM control
Incrementally progress joint-loading activities, restore force-couple relationships

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7
Q

Intrinsic factors for ACL injury

A

Narrow intercondylar notch
Weak ACL
Generalized joint laxity
LE malalignment
Female

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8
Q

Extrinsic factors for ACL injury

A

Quad/HS imbalance
Altered NM control
Playing surface
Athlete’s playing style

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9
Q

Terrible triad force

A

Valgus, rotation, fixed foot

-MCL, ACL, meniscus

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10
Q

PF pain exam - DD (3)

A

Osteochondritis dissecans - part of bone and cartilage separating from rest of bone

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis - head of femur separating from shaft at growth plate

Legg calf perthes - femoral head loses blood supply

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11
Q

PF instability req? (5)

A

Surgery?

Small patella, shallow trochlear groove, abnormal position of patella, ligamentous laxity

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12
Q

Important functional considerations/exam for PFP, MMTs

A

Eccentric control, landing pattern in running

Hip musculature (abd and ext rot), VMO (important for proper tracking of patella)

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13
Q

Least amount of tension in knee during OKC?

A

45-90*

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14
Q

Least amount of shear force at knee during CKC?

A

0-60*

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15
Q

Tibiofemoral OA - what special tests might be positive?

A

Girth measurement, stroke/sweep/bulge, patellar ballottement, Clarke’s sign

Loading tests - Thessaly - false positive?

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16
Q

Greater loss of flexion or extension w/ knee OA?

A

Flexion

17
Q

Hemarthrosis - definition, time to swelling post-injury, co-dx

A

Bleeding within join/joint capsule

1-2 hrs post injury

ACL tear, patellar dislocation

18
Q

Synovial effusion - time to swelling post-injury, symptoms

A

6-12 hrs

Dull, aching pain due to joint capsule

19
Q

Young pts with unicompartmental OA good candidates for?

A

Distal femoral osteotomy
Proximal tibial osteotomy

20
Q

Following TKA, what is a main concern regarding strength?

A

Quad strength can drop as much as 60% of pre-op level and persist

21
Q

PCL intervention - important to strengthen? Delay strengthening?

A

Quads and gastroc to reduce posterior tibial translation

Delay HS strengthening by 6-8 weeks

22
Q

How is knee brace positioned for someone post-op meniscal tear?

A

Full extension

23
Q

MOI for MCL sprain

A

Valgus and/or tibial ER

24
Q

Patellar tendinopathy characteristic pain findings (5)

A

Pain w/ tendon palpation
Pain w/ instant loading, no pain when load is removed
Pain is dose-dependent
Pain is not present at rest
Pain may improve w/ repeated loading (Warmup)

25
Q

Grade I bruise (4) & general healing time

A

Mild bruising, localized tenderness, 90+* of knee flexion, gait is normal

Normal activities as tolerated

26
Q

Grade II bruise (5) & general healing time

A

Moderate bruising, localized swelling and tender MMT??, <90* flexion, antalgic gait, discomfort with sit-to-stand/stairs

3 days to 3 weeks

27
Q

Grade III bruise (5) & general healing time

A

Severe bruising, marked tenderness and swelling throughout, <45* knee flexion, needs assistive device/aid for gait

3 weeks - 3 mo.

28
Q

In extreme contusions, what is a primary concern?

A

Compartment syndrome - buildup of fluid causing compression on musculature and nerves, prevents nutrients and O2 from reaching these tissues

29
Q

Baker’s cyst - location, exam findings

A

Popliteal fossa, can be above or below joint line

Pain w/ AROM/PROM
Cyst may be visible
Pain w/ knee flex MMT & WB

30
Q

Meniscal tests (4)

A

Thessaly
McMurrays
Apley
Bounce home

31
Q

Patellofemoral joint tests (3)

A

Clarke’s
Patellar stability tests: medial, lateral gliding, patellar tilt
Fairbank/Patellar Apprehension

32
Q

Ligamentous Tests/Rotational Instability (3)

A

Lateral pivot shift
Jerk test of Hughston
External rotation recurvatum

33
Q

Ligamentous tests/ one plan instability (6)

A

Varus
Valgus
Lachman
Anterior drawer
Posterior drawer
Godfrey’s/Posterior Sag sign

34
Q

Effusion (3)

A

Girth measurement
Patellar ballottement
Stroke/sweep/bulge

MST (8 decks)

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