Knee Flashcards
Normal Ranges of Motion
Flexion: 150
Extension: 5
PROM End Range Feels
Flexion: STA
Extension: Boney end feel
Palpation Structures
Femoral epicondyles (from patella, go medial and lateral edges, push through muscle with fingertip pads)
Femoral condyles (inferior to epicondyles)
Patella (hold either edge with one hand, use fingertip pad to palpate edges and tip)
Head of fibula (lying supine, flex knee feet flat, push on lateral side with thumb pad into bone/superior tibfib joint)
Tibial condyles (lying supine, locate either side of patella joint line then move inferior)
Tibial tuberosity (midline and slightly inferior to tibial condyles)
Patellar tendon (Apex of patella and move inferior of fat pad)
Medial/Lateral joint line (lying supine, knee flexed feet flat, find tibial tuberosity and move superior and to the sides, find divot where joint line is, almost lines up with apex of patella)
LCL Ligament (find joint line move slightly lateral to find fibrous tissue)
MCL Ligament (find joint line, move medial to find fibrous tissue on joint line)
Rectus Femoris (“Can you flex your quad and lift your leg?” Start from patella and follow rectus femoris into tendon)
Vastus Medialis Oblique (Medial quad, “Can you flex your quad?” Feel on medial thigh, palpate teardrop shape, extending activates VMA, adducting activates Adductors)
Semimembranosus (Lying prone, flex knee and hold at ankle, toes pointed medial and feel medial muscle)
Semitendinosus (Lying prone, flex knee and hold at ankle, toes pointed medial and feel medial muscle)
Biceps Femoris (Lying prone, flex knee and hold at ankle, Toes pointed outwards and feel lateral muscle)
Medial Gastrocnemius (Point toes and lift leg from ankle, longer than lateral head, palpate border)
Lateral Gastrocnemius (Point toes and lift their leg from ankle, Shorter than medial head, palpate border)
IT Band (Lying supine, flex knee flat foot, find joint line on lateral side and fibular head, find ropey structure and follow IT band into TFL muscle attaching onto hip)
Knee Flexion
AROM: Lying supine, “Can you slide your heel to your bum as far as you can?”
PROM: Lying supine, support under ankle and behind knee, slide heel to bum
RROM: Lying supine, knee flexed foot flat, hand supporting knee cap and hand holding posterior ankle OR clasp hands around posterior ankle, “Can you meet my resistance and bring your heel to your bum?”
Knee Extension
AROM: Lying supine, “Can you push your back of the knee as far into the table as you can?”
PROM: Lying supine, support under ankle and behind knee, pull up from ankle making sure knee does not change
RROM: Lying supine, both knees flexed feet flat, testing leg lifts leg to 90 degree flexion, support knees with hand and forearm and push on anterior ankle of testing leg. “Can you meet my resistance and kick into my hand?” OR put knee under their knee with leg straight and ask then to kick into hand
MMT: Medial Hamstrings VS Lateral Hamstrings
Lateral Hamstrings
-Lying supine, knee flexed and feet flat
-Cup heel and pull toes externally off table
-Ask to pull heel to bum and resist
Medial Hamstrings
-Lying supine, knee flexed and feet flat
-Cup heel and pull toes medially onto table
-Ask to pull heel to bum and resist
Functional Movement: SL Squat
“Standing on your right leg, can you extend your left leg in front of you and squat as low and comfortable as you can”
Anterior view:
-Depth
-Knee to ankle relationship
-Shifting weight
-Caving in/out
-Toes curling to compensate
Lateral view:
-Depth
-Balance
-Bilateral compensations
Functional Movement: Squat
“Feet shoulder width apart in a comfortable position, can you bend down into a squat to the best of your ability”
Anterior view:
-Knee alignment
-Caving in/out
-Ankle alignment
Lateral view:
-Depth
-Angle of hip to knee to foot
Posterior view:
-Hip to knee
-Go into toes to compensate
-Hip weight shift
Functional Movement: Duck Walk
“Squat and walk as you shimmy your weight from ankle to ankle. Do you have any pain in knees and ankles?”
Anterior view:
-Leaning into one side to another or equal bilaterally
