Elbow Flashcards
Normal Ranges of Motion
Flexion: 150
Extension: 150
Pronation: 75-90
Supination: 75-90
PROM End Feels
Flexion: STA
Extension: Boney
Palpation Structures
Elbow Flexion
AROM: Seated with hands at side and palms facing forward, “Can you bring your palms up towards your shoulder as far as you can”
PROM: Seated, stabilize above elbow joint and cup wrist, bring wrist up to shoulder
RROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards in fist, stabilize anterior bicep and push down on top of mid-forearm “Can you meet my resistance and push your fist upwards”
Elbow Extension
AROM: Seated with hands at side and palms facing forward, “Can you push the front of your elbow forwards as far as you can towards the front wall”
PROM: Seated, stabilize above elbow joint and cup wrist, bring wrist down and push so front of elbow goes forwards
RROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards in fist, stabilize anterior bicep and push up on underside of mid-forearm “Can you meet my resistance and push your fist downwards”
Elbow Pronation
AROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards and thumbs up, “Can you rotate your palms to the ground as far as you can”
PROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards and thumbs up, Grab hand in handshake position, stabilize above elbow joint, twist their forearm into pronation
RROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards and thumbs up, Grab hand in handshake position, stabilize anterior bicep, twist their forearm into supination “I am going to be twisting your arm outwards, I want you to meet my resistance and try to twist inwards”
Elbow Supination
AROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards and thumbs up, “Can you rotate your palms up to the ceiling as far as you can”
PROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards and thumbs up, Grab hand in handshake position, stabilize above elbow joint, twist their forearm into supination
RROM: Seated with hands at sides and elbows bent 90 degrees, palms inwards and thumbs up, Grab hand in handshake position, stabilize anterior bicep, twist their forearm into pronation “I am going to be twisting your arm inwards, I want you to meet my resistance and try to twist outwards”
MMT: Biceps Brachii
-Seated, elbow bent at 90 degrees, palm facing upwards
-Stabilize under shoulder joint anteriorly, push downwards on anterior side proximal to wrist joint
-“Can you push your palm upwards and meet my resistance?”
MMT: Brachioradialis
-Seated, elbow bent at 90 degrees, palm facing inwards, thumb upwards
-Stabilize under shoulder joint anteriorly, push downwards on anterior side proximal to wrist joint
-“Can you push your thumb upwards and meet my resistance?”
MMT: Brachialis
-Seated, elbow bent at 90 degrees, palm facing downwards
-Stabilize under shoulder joint anteriorly, push downwards on anterior side proximal to wrist joint
-“Can you push the back of your hand upwards and meet my resistance?”
Palpation Structures
Olecranon Process (Bony on back of elbow, Can flex elbow and see it protrude more)
Medial epicondyle (On humerus, bony protuberance on medial side)
Lateral epicondyle (On humerus, bony protuberance on lateral side)
Head of radius (Feel through brachioradialis onto radius, between head of the muscle on lateral side)
Proximal radial ulnar joint (Grab radius onto ulna, shift bones side to side)
Ulnar nerve (On medial side of elbow, between medial epicondyle and olecranon)
Biceps Brachii Muscle (Slight elbow flexion and ask them to resist as you palpate through belly to tendon)
Triceps Brachii (Slight elbow extension and ask them to resist as you feel back side of elbow to palpate belly into olecranon process)
Common Wrist flexors PFPF (On flexor side, slight wrist flexion and resist here, palpate along the muscle bellies to the tendons)
Common Wrist extensors (On extensor side, have wrist in slight extension with palm facing down, palpate bellies from lateral epicondyles onto tendon insertion points on wrist
Brachioradialis (Thumb up, have them resist upwards as you push down, palpate belly as it pops up to tendon by wrist)
Brachialis (Palm down and resist upwards as you push down, palpate belly that is deeper through medial bicep and brachioradialis)
