knee

Question 1

tibial tunnel drilled too anteriorly

Answer 1

limit full extension and causes tightness in flexion

Question 2

how to recognize PLC injury

Answer 2

increased external rotation (Dial test ) in 30 & 90 degrees of knee flexion

Question 3

What we will see in c ray in chronic PCL inury

Answer 3

in X-ray, we will see medial & patellofemoral arthritis

Question 4

What causes ACL tear

Answer 4

Tibial translation anteriorly while knee is in slight flexion and valgus

Question 5

pathognomonic for an ACL tear in X-ray

Answer 5

Segond fracture (avulsion fracture of the proximal lateral tibia)
associated with ACL tear 75-100% of the time

Question 6

What are the characteristics of miserable malalignment syndrome?

Answer 6

Three anatomic characteristics that lead to an increased Q angle include
- femoral anteversion
- genu valgum
- external tibial torsion / pronated feet

Question 7

What are the bony factors that predisposed patellar instability

Answer 7

• patella alta (causes patella to not articulate with sulcus, losing its constraint effects)
• trochlear dysplasia
• excessive lateral patellar tilt (measured in extension)
• lateral femoral condyle hypoplasia

Question 8

What are the soft tissue characteristics that predispose to patellar instability?

Answer 8

-dysplastic vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle
- overpull of lateral structures (iliotibial band,
vastus lateralis)

Question 9

That structures contribute to knee stability during flexion

Answer 9

medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in first 20-30 degrees of knee flexion

patellar-femoral bony structures account for stability in deeper knee flexion

Question 10

how calculate TT-TG

Answer 10

measures the distance between 2 perpendicular lines from the posterior cortex to the tibial tubercle and the trochlear groove
>20mm usually considered abnormal

Question 11

What are the rocurenc rats of patllar dislocation

Answer 11

redislocation rates with nonoperative treatment may be high (15-50%) at 2-5 years

Question 12

מה שם הקלסיפיקציה לדיפלזיה של הטרוכלה

Answer 12

dejour
1) crossing sign ( shallow )
2) supratroclear spur (flat)
3 double contur (l -convex ,m-hypopasia )
4) 1+2+3 (cliff)

Question 13

מה הוא מבחן פטלה חיובי

Answer 13

מחלקים את הפיקה ל4 חלקים (לאורך ) ומנסים לעשות הזזה לטרלית , כאשר זז יותר מ2 חלקים לטרלית חיובי

Question 14

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) origen and insertion

Answer 14

o: anterior and distal to the adductor
tubercle; or proximal to the attachment of the sMCL;
i: : junction of proximal and middle
thirds on the medial border of the patella as well as the
undersurface of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle

Question 15

מהם הקלסיפקציה לפריקת Kennedy ברך

Answer 15

מבוססת על לאן פרק
1 אנטריורי (בעל השחיכות הגבוה ביותר + סיכוי גבוה לפגיע בפרונאלי , פגיע וסקולרית קרע באינטימה)
2- פוסטריורי (בעל הסיכוי הגבוה ביותר לפגיע וסקולרית
3-לטרלית בדרך כלל פגיע בצולבות
4-plc מידיאלית פגיעה ב
5- מוליטי דרקשיינאל

Question 16

what the Schenck Classification used for

Answer 16

KD I
Multiligamentous injury with the involvement of the ACL or PCL
KD II
Injury to ACL and PCL only (2 ligaments)
KD III
Injury to ACL, PCL, and PMC or PLC (3 ligaments).
KDIIIM (ACL, PCL, MCL) and KDIIIL (ACL, PCL, PLC, LCL).
KD IV
Injury to ACL, PCL, PMC, and PLC (4 ligaments)
Has the highest rate of vascular injury (5-15%)
KD V
Multiligamentous injury with periarticular fracture