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Kinesiology > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Normal knee alignment

A

5-10 degrees valgus

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2
Q

Genu Varum Characteristics (3)

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Foot alignment
  3. Tibial alignment
    “bow-legged”
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3
Q

Genu Valgum Characteristics (3)

A
  1. Foot/Hip alignment (rearfoot/forefoot)
  2. Muscle Imbalance
  3. Ligament laxity
    “knock-knee”
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4
Q

Genu Recurvatum Characteristics

A

hyperextension of knee > 10 deg

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5
Q

What structures resist genu recurvatum?

A

Posterior knee capsule

Knee flexor muscles

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6
Q

Causes of Genu Recurvatum (3)

A
  1. Poor posture
  2. Neuromuscular imbalance
  3. Fixed plantar-flexed foot
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7
Q

Closed Chain- Pronation

A 
Calcaneal eversion
Talar pf + adduction
Tibial Internal Rotation
Knee Flexion
Femoral Internal Rotation
Hip Flexion
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8
Q

Closed Chain- Supination

A 
Calcaneal Inversion
Talar df + abduction
Tibial External Rotation
Knee Extension
Femoral External Rotation
Hip Extension
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9
Q

What is the Screw-Home Mechanism?

A

locking the knee in full ext.
~10 deg tibial external rotation
increases joint congruity and stability

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10
Q

What is open chain for tibia on femur?

A

internal rotation

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11
Q

What is closed chain for femur on tibia?

A

external rotation

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12
Q

What mechanics drive the Screw-Home Mechanism?

A
  1. Shape of medial femoral condyle
  2. Passive tension in ACL
  3. Lateral pull of quads
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13
Q

What is the arthrokinematics rule for knee?

A

Tibia (concave) moves on Femur (convex) = Roll + Glide are in SAME direction

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14
Q

During knee extension, _________ tibial glide on femur

A

anterior

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15
Q

During knee flexion, __________ tibial glide on femur

A

posterior

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16
Q

Properties of MCL

A

superficial + deep layers

capsule + medial meniscus

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17
Q

Functions of MCL

A

resist valgus + extension forces at knee

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18
Q

MOI of MCL

A

Excessive valgus force w/ foot planted
Severe hyperextension
Clip injury (rec sports)

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19
Q

Properties of LCL

A

less broad

one layer

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20
Q

Functions of LCL

A

resist varus force + extension forces at knee

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21
Q

MOI of LCL

A

Excess varus force w/ foot planted

Severe hyperextension

22
Q

Properties of ACL

A

lateral medial tib to medial lateral fem
2 bands twist:
- Ant med
- Post lat

23
Q

Functions of ACL

A

Stability (extension)
Arthrokinematics
Proprioception

24
Q

MOI of ACL

A

Hyperextension
Excessive valgus w/ foot planted
Excessive knee rotation
Decelerating, pivoting

25
Q

Open Chain of ACL

A

prevents excessive anterior of tib on femur bc quads pull

26
Q

Closed Chain of ACL

A

prevents excessive posterior of femur on tib

27
Q

Properties of PCL

A

Posterior condylar tib to lateral medial fem

thicker than ACL

28
Q

Functions of PCL

A

Arthrokinematics
Resist flexion, extreme valgus, varus
Taut w/ greater flexion

29
Q

MOI of PCL

A

Falling on flexed knee (ankle pf)
Tibia forced posteriorly, femur forced anteriorly (dash injury)
Rotation, varus/valgus w/ foot planted

30
Q

Open Chain of PCL

A

prevents excessive posterior of tib on fem

31
Q

Closed Chain of PCL

A

prevents excessive anterior of fem on tib

32
Q

Meniscus Characteristics

A

Fibrocartilaginous discs
Thicker on edges
Shift during knee mvmt

33
Q

Meniscus Functions

A

Shock absorption
Stabilization
Guides of arthrokinematics
Lubricates articular cartilage

34
Q

Medial Meniscus Characteristics

A

C-shaped
attaches to MCL and capsule
6 mm

35
Q

Lateral Meniscus Characteristics

A

O-shaped
attaches to capsule
12 mm

36
Q

During knee flexion, meniscus moves ____?

A

anterior

37
Q

During knee extension, meniscus move____?

A

posterior

38
Q

When externally rotating tibia, lateral meniscus moves______?

A

anteriorly

39
Q

When internally rotating tibia, lateral meniscus moves______?

A

posteriorly

40
Q

When externally rotating tibia, medial meniscus moves______?

A

posteriorly

41
Q

When internally rotating tibia, medial meniscus moves______?

A

anteriorly

42
Q

What are MOI of meniscus?

A

forceful compressions + axial rotation (w/ knee flexed)

Med Men when flexion, axial rotation, valgus

43
Q

Patellofemoral joint function

A

protect tibia and fibula joint

mechanical advantage of quads (movable pulley)

44
Q

Patellar Positions

A 
Medial/Lateral Shift/Glide
Medial/Lateral Tilt
Anterior/Posterior Tilt
Internally/Externally Rotated
Baja/Alta
45
Q

Q-Angle Normal Values

A

0-15 deg

46
Q

Average Q-Angle Values

A

13-15 deg

47
Q

What factors affect Q-angle?

A 
Tibial rotation
Femur rotation
Width of pelvis
Genu valgum
Hip adduction
48
Q

Are there more or less joint loading forces at patellofemoral joint when knee flexes?

A

More compressive forces

Muscle force from quads

49
Q

What activities increase joint compression force at patellofemoral joint?

A

Walking- 1.3x body weight
Climbing stairs - 3.3x body weight
Running- 5 to 6x body weight
Deep squat- 7.8x body weight

50
Q

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

A

abnormal tracking of patella
anterior knee pain
subluxation of patella (severe case)

Kinesiology (3 decks)

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