Hip Flashcards
Arthrokinematics of hip joint
Convex (femur) is moving on concave (acetabulum), so roll and glide opposite
LE closed chain motion for pronation
Hip IR
Slight Flexion
Shortening of limb
LE closed chain motion for supination
Hip ER
Slight extension
Lengthening of limb
What is the angle of inclination?
Angle in the frontal plane b/t the neck of the femur + medial side of the femoral shaft
Angle for Coxa Valga
> 125
Angle for Coxa Norma
125
Angle for Coxa Vara
<125
What causes deviations of the hip alignments?
Fractures or congenital in nature
How do deviations of the hip alignment impair function?
Joint stability
Weight bearing biomechanics
Muscle biomechanics
What hip alignment lengthens limb?
Coxa valgum
What hip alignment decreases mechanical advantage of hip?
Coxa valgum
What hip alignment causes decreased hip stability?
Coxa valgum
What hip alignment shortens the limb?
Coxa varum
What hip alignment increases bending moment for hip muscles?
Coxa varum
What hip alignment creates a longer moment arm for hip mm?
Coxa varum
What hip alignment increases hip joint stability?
Coxa varum
What is the angle of torsion?
Angle between a line that runs through femoral head and neck (b/t femoral condyles)
Angle of retroversion
< 15 degrees
Angle of anterversion
> 15
Excessive anteversion characteristics
Inc hip IR
Dec hip ER
Dec joint stability
Dec muscle lever arm (Inc joint forces)
Gait in anterversion
toeing in (Pigeon Toed) Internal rotation of femur + tib
What risk may occur in anterversion?
Patellofemoral subluxation
Retroversion characteristics
Inc hip ER
Dec hip IR
Gait in retroversion
Toeing out
What is at risk for in retroversion?
Labral tears
What defines a Pincer?
Hip abduction pinches superior labrum
What defines a Cam?
Poor clearance of neck w/ hip flexion & abduction
What does the Trendelenburg Test look for?
pelvic drop
What might cause pelvic drop? (in Trendelenburg Test)
Weak hip abductors (gluteus medius)
During anterior tilt of pelvis, what structures are tightened?
Hip Flexors
Lumbar Extensors
During anterior tilt of pelvis, what structures are lengthened?
Hip Extensors
Abdominals
During posterior tilt of pelvis, what structures are shortened?
Hip Extensors
Abdominals
During posterior tilt of pelvis, what structures are tightened?
Hip Flexors
Erector Spinae
Straight Leg Raise tests for?
hamstring:
-tightness
<80 deg flexion
Is SLR test passive or active through range?
Passive
What indicates stopping point during SLR test?
pelvic tilt anteriorly
Ely’s Test is for?
Rectus Femoris:
- tight when anterior pelvic tilts OR
- limited knee flexion
What is passive insufficiency?
Lengthening a 2 joint muscle over both joints, but can’t stretch anymore
Piformis Muscle Length tests for?
Sciatic pain OR
Restriction of Movement
What hip movements are tested during Piriformis test?
Hip internal and external rotation
Modified Ober Test tests for?
IT band:
- leg drops <10 deg below horizontal
- look at pelvic tilt
What side should a cane be used on? Why?
Contralateral side
Reduce greatest force reduction
Decrease stress to joint to mimic normal gait
