KKDP : 2 Classical Conditioning

Question 1

5 key terms in relation to classical conditioning

Answer 1

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Conditioned response (CR)

Question 2

Define Classical conditioning

Answer 2

a type of learning that occurs through repeated associations of 2 (or more) different stimuli

Question 3

Major psychologist

Answer 3

Ivan Pavlov and john watson

Question 4

Acquisition

Answer 4

The overall process during which an organism learns to associate 2 events (UCS and CS)

Question 5

Extinction

Answer 5

The gradual decrease in the strength or rate of a CR that occurs when the UCS is no longer presented

Question 6

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 6

is the reappearance of a CR when the CS is presented following a rest period

response not as strong, and extinguishes faster

Question 7

Stimulus Generalisation

Answer 7

when other stimulus similar to the CS also trigger the CR at a reduced level

Question 8

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 8

when only the CS triggers the CR

Question 9

What is graduated exposure

Answer 9

involves progressive exposure to increasingly similar stimuli (to the CS) that produce the fear response (CR) that requires extinction

Question 10

what is establishes in graduated exposure?

Answer 10

Fear heirachy with the client

Question 11

steps involved in graduated exposure

Answer 11

1) Fear heirachy in order of least to most frightening
2) step by step the client is exposed to each of these stimuli, starting at the least frightening
3) They may be taught techniques such as breathing, relaxation

Question 12

what is flooding

Answer 12

Involves bringing the client into direct contact with the anxiety or fear producing stimulus (CS) and keeping them in contact with it until the CR is extinguished

After continuing exposure to the conditioned stimulus, but never again pairing it with the UCS the fear response will be extinguished

Question 13

Aversion therapy

Answer 13

form of behaviour therapy that applies classical conditioning processes to inhibit or discourage undesirable behaviour by associating it with an aversive stimulus

Question 14

What is trial and error learning?

Answer 14

involves learning by trying alternative possibilities until the desired outcome is achieved

Question 15

What was edward thorndike’s experiment?

Answer 15

hungry cat in box

outside a fish was just out of reach

lever could be pressed to open box

cat randomly scratched box and accidentally pushed level

cat became quicker at getting fish

eventually learned to press lever immediately

each trial after becomes quicker and quicker

Question 16

Instrumental learning

Answer 16

refers to the process through which an organism learns the association between the behaviour and its consequence