Kitab al Tawhid ( Chapter 1-30 ) Flashcards
What are the three types of Tawhid
- Tawhid Al Rububiyah and Tawhid Al Asma Sal Sifat - concerning knowledge and proof
- Tawhid Al Uluhiyah- Tawhid in Demand and Goal
‘ I have only created Jinns and Men that they follow me’
‘و ما خلقت الجن والانس الا ليعبدون ‘
{51:56} surah Adh- Dhariyat
What Did Ibn Al Qayyim say about worship?
‘It consists of 15 rules he who completes them has completed all the ranks of serving Allah ﷻ and worshiping him’
Verily worship is divided among the heart the Tongue and the senses, the terms of worship are 5? What are they?
1- that which is Essential- واجب
2- that which is recommended - مستحب
3- that which is wrong doing- حرام
4- that which is detestable- مكروه
5- that which is permissible- مباح
What does the verse ‘ I have only created Jinns and Men that they serve Me’ mean?
The verse means that Allah ﷻ has created Jinns and men just to serve Him and worship Him
What did Imam Ibn Kathir say About the meaning of Islam?
‘ In Arabic the term Islam means Surrendering to Allah ﷻ extreme state of submission and subservience’
‘ verily we have sent to every nation a messenger with the command to serve Allah and stay away from evil’
‘و لقد بعثنا في كل امة رسولا ان اعيدوا الله واجتنبوا الطاغوت’
{16:36} surah Al Nahl
What is the meaning of this verse?
Allah ﷻ has informed us that He has sent to every people messengers with the message . ‘Serve Allah ﷻ and stay away from Evil’ that is worship Allah ﷻ Alone and do not worship any other beside Him
What is the connect to this verse
فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱلطَّـٰغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسْتَمْسَكَ بِٱلْعُرْوَةِ ٱلْوُثْقَىٰ لَا ٱنفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ
Whoever rejects Evil and believes in Allah has grasped the most trustworthy hand hold that never breaks ( 2:256) surah Al Baqarah
And that is the meaning behind ‘there is not God but Allah’
Meaning of الطاغوت
Everything that servent passes beyond its limits causing transgression whether it is something that is followed or someone that is followed or worshiped or someone that is obeyed e.g Magicians, idols, fortune tellers
Something that is worshiped besides Allah
‘وقضى ربك الا تعبدوا الا اياه وبالوالدين احسانا’
What does this verse mean and connection to Tawhid
Allah ﷻ commanded the people with his worship alone and prohibited us from worshiping other than him
In this verse was has Allah negated and affirmed?
Allah ﷻ negated worshiping anyone but him and Affirmed that we worship him alone
What did Ibn Al Qayyim ( May Allah have mercy on him ) say about Negation and affirmation in relation to Tawhid?
“و النفي المحض ليس توحيدا و كذالك الاثبات بدون النفي. فلا يكون التوحيد الا متضمنا للنفي و الاثبات”
Absolute negation is not unification neither is affirmation without negation, so unification can be only if it includes negation and affirmation
‘و اعبدوا الله ولا تشر كوا به شيا’
‘ serve Allah ﷻ and join no partners with him’
Surah al Nisa ( 4:36 )
What is shirk
Worshiping other than Allah ﷻ
What are the types of shirk and their meanings?
- Major Shirk- when u divert the Ibadah of Allah to other than him e.g making dua for other than Allah ﷻ and slaughtering for other than Allah ﷻ
- Minor shirk- doesn’t take someone out of the fold of Islam but it is a path that can lead to shirk Akbar ( major shirk) e.g swearing by other than Allah
What is the Holy verse ‘serve Allah and join no partners with him’ also called
The verse of the Ten rights
اية الحقوق العشرة
۞ قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ أَلَّا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا
‘ say come i will rehearse what Allah ﷻ prohibited you from’
Surah Al An’am (6:151)
What are the two ways this verse shows the obligation of Tawhid?
- The prophet ( ﷺ) said ‘come to me and I shall read to you what your Lord has prohibited’- Allah ﷻ is going telling us that which is Haram is one way of showing what is to come
- ‘That you do not worship other than Allah’- do not associate partners with Allah
What did the Prophet ( peace be upon him) say to Mou’ath Bin Jabal about servants obligations towards Allah?
ان يعبدوه و لا يشركوا به شيا
They must worship Him and joining no partners with Him
The word Tawhid was specifically mentioned in the sunnah of the prophet peace be upon him, what is the first Hadith that is mentioned in?
The Hadith of Abdulilah ibn Abbas peace be upon him where the prophet peace be upon him sent Mou’ath bin Jabal peace be upon him to Yemen to call upon Tawhid
The word Tawhid was specifically mentioned in the sunnah of the prophet ﷺ what is the second Hadith it is mentioned in?
Is the Hadith of jabir ibn abdullah in describing the Hajj of the prophet ﷺ
The second chapter objective is to…
Clarify the virtue of Tawhid and that it wipes away sins
بيان فضل التوحيد و ما يكفر من النوب
What is the first verse that is mentioned in this chapter?
الذين آمنوا ولم يلبسوا إيمانهم بظلم أولئك لهم الأمن وهم
مهتدون
Verily those who do not mix their Iman with oppression, they will have security and guidance
{Surah Al An’am 6:82}
The oppression in this verse has been interpreted by the prophet ﷺ to mean…?
Shirk
What did the prophet ﷺ about what Lukman said to his son?
” have you not heard what Lukman had said to his son: ‘ O son join not in worship (others) with Allah for false worship is indeed the highest wrong doing ( 31:13) “
«يا بني لا تشرك بالله ان الشرك لظلم عظيم»
What does the verse «أولئك لهم الأمن وهم
مهتدون»mean
The verse tells us that whoever doesn’t mix their iman with associating partners of Allah ﷻ with shirk, then they will have two things
- safety and security in the Dunyah from all types of harm and Fitnah and in the Akhira and in the life of the grave- الامن
- in the Dunyah they are guided to knowledge and righteous action and in the Akhira they are guided to Jannah
ادخله الله الجنة على ما كان من العمل
Allah ﷻ would admit this person into Paradise for what he had performed
( Allah ﷻ will enter you into Jannah regardless of your actions/ shortcomings)
The دخول (entering) of Jannah is of two types, what are they?
- دخول اولى:They will enter Jannah immediately
- دخول ماليًا : They will enter Jannah after they have been purified of their shortcomings in the Hell fire ( jahanam)
فإن الله حرم على النار
Allah ﷻ has made Jahanam haram upon the one who says لا اله الا الله
What is the virtues of Tawhid in this hadith?
The prophet ﷺ says that jahanam is haram upon you as long as he says:
لا إله إلا الله، يبتغي بذلك وجه الله
Whilst being sincere
Allah making Jahanam Haram upon you is of two levels, what are they?
- تحريم مطلق:
You will not enter into the fire of Allah in totality because of your Tawhid being complete - تحرم بعد اماد :
Jahanam becoming haram upon you after some time- the person will enter into Jahanam as a form of cleansing their sins/ shortcomings
It is haram for them to remain in jahanam for eternity
The benefits of Tawhid mentioned in these two hadiths is..
Is that the believer will always end up in the Janah of Allah even if they are punished for their shortcomings
In the third Hadith in this chapter, what did Musa say to Allah ﷻ
قال موسى عليه السلام : يا رب علمني شيئا أذكرك به وأدعوك به قال : يا موسى قل : لا إله إلا الله قال : يا رب كل عبادك ، يقول هذا: به قال : يا موسى لو كان السماوات السبع ، وعامرهن غيري ، والأرضين السبع في كفة ، ولا إله إلا الله في كفة مالت بهن لا إله إلا الله
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith
مالت بهن لا اله الا الله
That ‘ God but Allah’ will outweigh everything else in the dunya
This Hadith is weak but there is another Hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Amr…
In which Lukman said to his son
‘ I command you with لا إله إلا الله for verily the seven heavens and the seven earths, if it was put onto one side of the scale and لا إله إلا الله was to be put on the other side of the scale, لا إله الا الله will out-weight them ‘
The last Hadith of this Chapter…
قال الله تعالى: يا ابن آدم! إنك لو أتيتني بقراب الأرض خطايا ، ثم لقيتني لا تشرك بي شيا لأتيتك بقرابها مغفرة
O son of Adam, if you where to come to me with the earths amount of sins and shortcomings, and then you meet me( die) Withought associating partners with me, then I will come to you with the like of ur shortcomings in forgiveness
This hadeeth shows the virtues of this hadeeth because Allah ﷻ is telling us…
That regardless how many sins and shortcomings you die upon, if you die Tawhid of Allah and then you don’t die upon shirk then your reward will be that I should forgive of all your shortcomings and sins
This honourable Hadith conveys to us many issues…
- The extensiveness of Allah’s ﷻ benefaction
- The reward of Tawhid
- Granting remission of ones sins
- Interpreting the Holy verse number 82 of the Holy Surah An’amn
ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوٓا۟ إِيمَـٰنَهُم بِظُلْمٍ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱلْأَمْنُ وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ
It is ˹only˺ those who are faithful and do not tarnish their faith with falsehood1 who are guaranteed security and are ˹rightly˺ guided.
5. Contemplating over the five issues in Oubad’s Honourable Hadith
6. If you couple between this Honourable Hadith and I’tban’s Honourable Hadith and what comes after it, you will realise and understand the meaning of لا إله الا الله and you will see the mistake of those who are deluded and conceited
7. Warning for the condition of I’tban’s honourable Hadith by saying ( يبتغي بها وجه الله) I.e ikhlas and sincerity
8. The prophets being in need for having their attention drawn to the benefits of لا إله الا الله
9. That warning that although all creation rehearse it many those who rehearse it do not gain much from it
10. The text proving that there are seven earths as there are seven heavens
11. That they have inhabitants
12. Confirming qualities contrary to what Al Ash’ariya believe in
13. That verily if you learn about Ana’s Honourable Hadith you will realise that his Honourable Hadith after I’tban ( ان الله حرم النار على من قال لا إله إلا الله يبتغي بذلك وجه الله)
14. Contemplate that Isa and Muhammad are both Allah’s servants and Messengers
15. Realising the special quality of Isa as being Allah’s will
16. Learning that Isa is a spirit from Allah
17. Knowing the virtue of faith in paradise and the fire
18. Understanding his saying ‘ whatever his deeds may be’
19. Learning that a balance has two pans
20. The usage of the term face ( face of Allah)
Chapter 3: that who Attained monotheism stage, enters paradise with no account ( what is it in Arabic )
من حقق التوحيد دخل الجنة بغير حساب
What is the meaning of the chapter title ?( مقصود الترجمة )
١. تخليصه و تصفية و تنقيحه من شوائب الشرك و البدع و المعاصي
To purify , to free, to safe guard to rectify one’s Tawhid from blemishes or the deficiencies of the harms of shirk, Biq3a and sins
The musnif ( sheikh) is telling us that he is clarifying to us that whom so ever perfects Tawhid will enter into Jannah without being questioned and Withought being punished ( that is from the virtues of Tawhid)
What is the connection between title and the book? ( kitab Al Tawhid)
Ibrahim was a complete servent and he says لا إله إلا الله and he stays away from all types of shortcomings and sins
What is the difference between the second chapter and the third chapter?
The previous chapter ( first chapter ) only talks about the virtues of Tawhid in general but this chapter ( third chapter) talks about a more specific virtue which is, if a person Perfects and completes Tawhid and they will enter into Jannah Withought being question or punished
What does the 3rd chapter have as point of evidences?
2 verses and and 1 Hadith
What is the first verse?
إن إبراهيم كان أمة قانتا لله حنيفا و لم يك من المشركين
Ibrahim was indeed a model devoutly obedient to Allah and he joint no gods with Allah
Surah Al Nahl ( 16:120)
What are the four traits mentioned in the verse that Ibrahim perfect and completed Tawhid ?
١. أمة
٢. قانتا لله
٣. حنيفا( the one that turns to Allah)
٤. و لم يك من المشركين
( and he wasn’t from the mushrikeen and distant himself from the people of shirk)
What is the connection between this verse and the chapter title?
Ibrahim haqaqa Al Tawhid ( perfect the Tawhid of Allah) due to the four characteristics mentioned in the verse
Where do we come into this verse and how does this verse concern us?
It’s concerns us because Allah ﷻ says:
قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌۭ فِىٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَٱلَّذِينَ مَعَهُۥٓ إِذْ قَالُوا۟ لِقَوْمِهِمْ إِنَّا بُرَءَٰٓؤُا۟ مِنكُمْ وَمِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ
You already have an excellent example in Abraham and those with him, when they said to their people, “We totally dissociate ourselves from you and ˹shun˺ whatever ˹idols˺ you worship besides Allah
Surah Al Mumtahana {60:4}
What is the other verse that is connected to the previous one ?
وَٱلَّذِينَ هُم بِرَبِّهِمْ لَا يُشْرِكُونَ
and who associate none with their Lord,
Surah Al muminun {23:59}
What is the long Hadith about the two tabi3in?
Sai’d bin joubeir and Housein Ben Abdur Rahman
What is the best cure of being bitten and evil eye?
Ruqya
لا رقية إلا من عين أو حمة
What is the other masala ( teaching of something else )?
( Isra wal mi3raj)
The prophet ﷺ not accompanied by anyone. Then a great multitude of people was presented to me. I thought they were my people but I was told ‘this was Moses and his people. So I looked and saw a great multitude of people who I was told then that those were my people and among them are 70,000 who will be admitted into the garden Withought any judgement or torture. Then he ﷺ rose and entered his house
What is the link to the chapter and the Hadith?
The 70,000 people will be entered into Jannah Without being questioned and without punished - who ever establishes and perfect Tawhid will enter jannah without questioning or reckoning
What did the prophet ﷺ say about the 70,000 people who will be entered into Jannah?
- They are those that do not ask other people to do Ruqya on them
- Those who do not cauterized ( is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it)
- They do not believe in good omens and bad omens
- And in their lord they have complete trust in
‘هم الذين لا يسترقون ولا يكتوون و لا يتطيرون وعلى ربهم يتوكلون’
People are of 3 types when it comes to Ruqya
- A person who asks others to do Ruqya on them
- Someone who Ruqya is done upon and he doesn’t prevent the person from doing so ( e.g I am ill and a friend visits me and someone reads Quran on me withought asking me) - this is sunnah
- A person who prevents a person for reading Quran on him ( contradicts the sunnah )
Conditions of the permissibly of Ruqya
- Has to be with something that is known from the Quran and the Sunnah ( nothing with a hidden meaning)
- There can’t be anything that contradicts the sharia ( hitting someone or a man being in khalwa ( alone) with a woman) (Those who charge prices that are extortion when it comes to reading Quran on people )
- That he believes that Allah is the one that cures and Ruqya is only a means
Chapter 4: the fear of shirk
الخوف من الشرك
What is the Musnif telling us about nullifies Tawhid in totality or what decreases it?
After telling us about the obligation and virtues of Tawhid , the imam is telling us, do not be deceived by performing Tawhid, rather we have to fear falling into shirk
In this chapter the sheikh is going to talk about two things, what are they?
- Things that eliminate one’s Tawhid
In totally - Things that decrease one’s Tawhid and make it defiant
The types of shirk
- Major shirk - to give the right of Allah or something that is specifically for him, for other than Allah by which the servent leaves the religion ( e.g making Sujood to other than Allah, making dua to other than Allah)
- The lesser shirk- to give a right of Allah or something that is specifically for him, for other than Allah by which thé servent does NOT leave the religion
What are the differences between the two types of shirk?
- Major shirk takes the person out of Islam
- If a person dies upon major shirk, he will remain in the fire forever
- If a person dies committing minor shirk, in the day of judgment, they may have Some hasanat ( they r Muslims)
- If a person dies upon major shirk they are not buried with the Muslims
- If a person dies upon major shirk, the marriage contract is nullified
- Major shirk destroys all actions of a person
How do we fear shirk?
- To learn Tawhid and acting upon it
- By studying shirk, its types, and the reasons that cause a person to fall into shirk
- Dua and ista3ana ( seeking help) to Allah
- To stay away from shirk and the people of shirk
The things that contradict the commandments of Allah are of 4 types, what are they?
- Major shirk/ kuffr
- Minor shirk/kuffr
- Bid3a ( innovations)
- Major sins
- Minor sins
و جنبني وبني أن نعبد إلأ صنام
Oh Allah distance me and my sons from shirk
Surah Ibrahim {14:35)
How does this verse show us that we should fear shirk?
- By looking at the one who is making the dua ( Ibrahim) .
he is khalilullah, Allah loved him, and he is the one that destroyed the idols, and he called upon Tawhid
The fact that Ibrahim made dua makes us also fear into falling into shirk
- The actual dua that Ibrahim said:
- oh Allah distance me from shirk
What is Riya?
Showing off
What was the Hadith that the prophet ﷺ said about fear of shirk?
أخوف ما أخاف عليكم الشرك الأصغر
What is the connection between the chapter and the Hadith?
The prophet ﷺ feared for us falling into shirk
What are the two types of Riya?
- A type in which a person wants to be praised although he is worshiping Allah
- A type in which a person does it for the people ( a munfiq)- hypocrite
What is the second Hadith that the prophet ﷺ say about shirk?
من مات وهو يدعو من دون الله ندا دخل النار
Whoever dies calling upon other than Allah, he enters into Jahanam
What is the connection between this hadeeth and the chapter title( fear of shirk)?
The prophet ﷺ tells us that whoever dies whilst calling upon other than Allah, they will enter into the fire. This shows us that we should fear calling upon other than Allah
What is the third Hadith that the prophet ﷺ mentions about shirk?
من لقي الله لا يشرك به شيئا دخل الجنة ، و من لقيه يشرك به شيئا دخل النار
Whoever dies whilst not committing shirk enters into the jannah of Allah, and whoever does committing shirk enters the fire
This Hadith shows two things, what are they?
- Fadl al Tawhid ( virtues of Tawhid)
- Khuturatu wa qubh al shirk ( dangers and ugliness of shirk)
The 5th chapter of the invitation to testify لا إله الا الله
الدعاء إلى الشهادة أن لا إله إلا الله
What is the meaning of chapter
بيان وجوب الدعوة إلى توحيد الله
What is the connection between the chapter title and the book?
The book talks about the Tawhid of Allah and this chapter talks about calling to the Tawhid of Allah
What is the first verse?
قل هذا سبيلي أدعو إلى الله على بصيرة أنا ومن اتبعني و سبحان الله وما أنا من المشركين
this is my path, I call to the way of Allah upon knowledge in sight, I and those that follow me, and I am not from the mushrikin
What does this verse show?
It’s shows the obligation of calling to the Tawhid of Allah
What is the benefit of this verse
- Shuroot al dawah:
- Ikhlas ( sincerity )
- Ilm ( knowledge)
- Al hikmah ( wisdom)
- Al sabr ( patience)
- Hal Al mad3u ( have to know the, character, belief and situation of the person you are giving dawah to)
What is the point of evidence on the first Hadith?
That the prophet ﷺ sent Mu3ad to Yemen and he commanded him that the first thing he should call to is the Tawhid of Allah before anything else
What is the point of evidence on the second Hadith?
The prophet ﷺ gave the banner of jihad to Ali ibn Ali Talib رضي الله عنه and he said when he gets near their area, where they reside, call them to the Tawhid of Allah
At the end of the Hadith the prophet ﷺ gave Ali Ibn Abu Talib some words of encouragement he said:
لأن يهدي الله بك رجلًا واحدًا، خيرلك من حمر النعم
If Allah where to guide one person because of you,then it is better than the red camels ( meaning better than every type of wealth and every part of the Dunyah you can think of)
What is the connection of the Hadith and chapter title?
In the Hadith there is another connection between the title and Hadith, in which the prophet ﷺ mentions a virtue from the virtues of calling to the way of Allah, or a person being guided because of you is better than the dunyah and everything in it
Chapter 6, explaining Tawhid and its testimony لا إله إلا الله
تفسير التوحيد وشهادة أن لأ إله إلا الله
What is the meaning behind لا اله إلا الله
لا معبودَ بحقٍّ إلا الله
None has to the right to be worshiped except Allah
What are the 2 pillars of لا إله إلا الله
النفي والإثبات
Negating and affirming
What is the necessities on لا إله إلا الله
. First say on their tongue
. Believe it in their hearts
. Act accordingly to what لا إله إلا الله necessitates
What is لا إله show?
Negating all forms of worship from everyone and anyone
What does إلا الله show?
Affirming that worship for Allah
What is the first ayah in this chapter?
أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ يَبْتَغُونَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِمُ ٱلْوَسِيلَةَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ وَيَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَهُۥ وَيَخَافُونَ عَذَابَهُۥٓ ۚ إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ كَانَ مَحْذُورًۭا
˹Even˺ the closest ˹to Allah˺ of those invoked would be seeking a way to their Lord, hoping for His mercy, and fearing His punishment. Indeed, your Lord’s torment is fearsome.
Surah Al Isra {17: 57}
The scholars have said there are two interpretations of this verse what’s the first?
These people that have been referred to, they where the ones that used to worship the angels and the prophets
The scholars have said there are two interpretations of this verse what’s the second ?
There where a group of people from the jinn who the people use to seek refuge and aid in and continued to do so, and those jinns became Muslims ( this means they seek nearness to Allah, they yearn and hope for the Mercy of Allah and they fear the punishment of Allah )
What is the connection between this verse and the chapter?
These people where calling upon other than Allah ( shirk) - they did not establish the Tawhid of Allah
What is the second Ayah in this chapter?
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِۦٓ إِنَّنِى بَرَآءٌۭ مِّمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ
Remember, O Prophet˺ when Abraham declared to his father and his people, “I am totally free of whatever ˹gods˺ you worship,
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِى فَطَرَنِى فَإِنَّهُۥ سَيَهْدِينِ
except the One Who created me, and Allah will guide me
وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةًۢ بَاقِيَةًۭ فِى عَقِبِهِۦ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ
And he left this enduring declaration among his descendants, so they may ˹always˺ turn back ˹to Allah˺
Surah Al Zukhruf { 43:26 ,27,28}
What is the negation ( النفي) in these verses?
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَٰهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِۦٓ إِنَّنِى بَرَآءٌۭ مِّمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ
Remember, O Prophet˺ when Abraham declared to his father and his people, “I am totally free of whatever ˹gods˺ you worship,
( this shows لا إله )
What is the Affirmation (الإثبات) in these verses ?
إِلَّا ٱلَّذِى فَطَرَنِى فَإِنَّهُۥ سَيَهْدِينِ
except the One Who created me, and Allah will guide me
( Shows إلا الله )
What is the third ayah of the chapter?
ٱتَّخَذُوٓا۟ أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَـٰنَهُمْ أَرْبَابًۭا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلْمَسِيحَ ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَمَآ أُمِرُوٓا۟ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوٓا۟ إِلَـٰهًۭا وَٰحِدًۭا ۖ لَّآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
They have taken their rabbis and monks as well as the Messiah, son of Mary, as lords besides Allah,even though they were commanded to worship none but One God. There is no God ˹worthy of worship˺ except Him. Glorified is He above what they associate ˹with Him˺!
What does this verse teach us?
That from the Tawhid of Allah, is توحيد الطاعه ( the Tawhid of obeying Allah )
In believing that which is halal to be halal and haram yo be haram
What is the fourth ayah in this chapter?
وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَندَادًۭا يُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ ٱللَّهِ ۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَشَدُّ حُبًّۭا لِّلَّهِ ۗ وَلَوْ يَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓا۟ إِذْ يَرَوْنَ ٱلْعَذَابَ أَنَّ ٱلْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًۭا وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعَذَابِ
Still there are some who take others as Allah’s equal—they love them as they should love Allah—but the ˹true˺ believers love Allah even more. If only the wrongdoers could see the ˹horrible˺ punishment ˹awaiting them˺, they would certainly realize that all power belongs to Allah and that Allah is indeed severe in punishment.
Surah Al Baqarah { 2:165}
The scholars mentioned two interpretations for this, what is the first?
These people love the أنداد ( things they make dua to, slaughter to, idols ) they love them the same way they love Allah
The scholars mentioned two interpretations for this, what is the second?
They love the أنداد , their people, idols, stones ( they are calling besides Allah), they love them like the muminun like Allah
What is the connection between this verse and the chapter title?
From the things that لا إله إلا الله necessitates, is that you love Allah more than anything and anyone else ( this a condition for لا إله إلا الله )
What is the Hadith in this chapter?
مَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَكَفَرَ بِمَا يُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ حَرُمَ مَالُهُ وَدَمُهُ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ
I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: He who professed that there is no god but Allah and made a denial of everything which the people worship beside Allah, his property and blood became inviolable, an their affairs rest with Allah.
Sahih muslim 23a
In this Hadith the prophet ﷺ mentions a condition and a reward ( النتيجة), what are they?
- Whoever says لا إله إلا الله and disbelieves in everything that is worshiped besides Allah, the reward is حرم ماله و دمه ( his wealth and blood is sacred ) and his trail is with Allah
What is the link between this Hadith and chapter title?
This Hadith combines the meaning of لا إله إلا الله where the prophet ﷺ says ‘ whomsoever affirms worship for Allah and negates everything that is worshiped besides Allah, the persons wealth and blood becomes sacred ‘
What is the last Ayah in this chapter?
وَمَا هُم بِخَـٰرِجِينَ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ
And they will never ˹be able to˺ leave the Fire.
Surah Al Baqarah { 2:167}
Who are the people that the verse is calling to?
. Those مشركون who love partners as they love Allah ﷻ
. Those مشركين who their partners like the believers like Allah
What is the last Hadith in this chapter?
قال ﷺ: من قال لا إله إلا الله وكفر بما يعبد من دون الله حرم ماله ودمه
Whoever said لا إله إلا الله and disbelieves in what is worshiped other than Allah ﷻ, his wealth and money is sacred
Chapter 7: it is polytheism to wear a ring or a thread or other similar objects in order to remove affliction or to drive away distress
من الشرك لبس الحلقة والخيط ونحوهما لرفع البلاء أو دفعه
How is this chapter connected to kitab Al Tawhid?
Because it clarifies some types shirk and warns against it and this shows the reality of Tawhid
What are the 3 مسأل to help us understand this chapter? ( تاصيل المسالة: laying down the foundations of the question)
ان يلبسها اعتقد أنها تدفع وترفع البلا بذاتها فهذا شرك اكبر لأنه أشرك في ربوبية الله
- That a person wears these things believing that it itself prevents or removes afflictions ,that is major shirk, because they have associated partners with Allah ﷻ in his Rububiyah
ان يلبسها معتقدا أنها سبب لدفع ورفع البلاء فهو شرك الاسغرلانه جعل ما ليس بسبب سبب و علق قلب به
- That a person wears these things believing that it is a reason for being protected against or removal of afflictions, this is minor shirk because he has made a means out of something that Allah ﷻdid not make a means
ان لبسها للزينة وهذا جائز ما لم يكن فيها محذور شرعي
- That a person wears it for decoration and that is permissible as long as there is nothing that contradicts the sharia of Allah ﷻ
قاعدة في الأسباب (important principle related to means and causes )
اثبات الاسباب المؤثرة التي دل عليها الشرع أو التجارة الظاهرة مشروعو جإز و إلا فلا
To affirm the reasons or causes that have an effect that are legislated according to the sharia or have been proven to work either in lab or through experience then these means are permissible and legislated, and if not then they are not legislated
حصول المسبب لا يدل على جواز السبب اذا لم يدل عليه الشرع او التجربة الصحيحة الذاهرة
Attaining the means doesn’t show that it is permissible unless the sharia or it has been trailed and tested shows that it works
What is the summary of the مسألة ?
If a person wears good luck charms ( e.g chords, brackets, amulets ) believing that it is reason for him to be protected from affliction and illness then they have fallen into minor shirk, and if they believe that wearing these things protects them from harms way, they have fallen into major shirk
What is the first verse of the مسأله?
قُلْ أَفَرَءَيْتُم مَّا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ إِنْ أَرَادَنِىَ ٱللَّهُ بِضُرٍّ هَلْ هُنَّ كَـٰشِفَـٰتُ ضُرِّهِۦٓ أَوْ أَرَادَنِى بِرَحْمَةٍ هَلْ هُنَّ مُمْسِكَـٰتُ رَحْمَتِهِۦ ۚ قُلْ حَسْبِىَ ٱللَّهُ ۖ عَلَيْهِ يَتَوَكَّلُ ٱلْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ
they will certainly say, “Allah!” Ask ˹them˺, “Consider then whatever ˹idols˺ you invoke besides Allah: if it was Allah’s Will to harm me, could they undo that harm? Or if He willed ˹some˺ mercy for me, could they withhold His mercy?” Say, “Allah is sufficient for me. In Him ˹alone˺ the faithful put their trust.”
Surah Al zumar { 39:38}
What does this verse show?
Show that calling upon these things ( other than Allah ﷻ) in order to remove Allah, is not a reason that Allah ﷻ has legislated ( لا شرعا و لا قدرا)- not according the to Qadr or Sharia of Allah ﷻ
What is the point of evidence from this verse?
These idols that they are calling upon doesn’t benefit the people who are calling upon it, so it is not reasons for protection or removal of harm and we do Analogy ( Qiyas) in everything that Allah hasn’t legislated in the sharia, so taking it as means is considered shirk ( Allah ﷻ in this verse is rebuking the مشركون )
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
The prophet ﷺ saw a man wearing a brass bracelet on his upper arm he said “ what is this?” He said “ it is for protection against واهنة” The prophet ﷺ said “take it off, it will only increase your weakness for if you died whilst it was on you, you will never have success”
This was recorded by Ahmad from Chain of narrations Withought a problem( this Hadith is Daif)
What is the meaning of الواهنة
A type of illness that happiness to the joints or muscles of the person
What is تميمة
اسم لكل ما علق لرفع البلاء او دفعه أؤجل بل مسلحه
A charm anything that is worn if hangs somewhere in order to protect to remove harm
What is و دع?
أحجار تؤخذ من البحر يعلق لدفع العين
Sea shells as a protection from or to remove harm or safety or security or to bring about benefit
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
من تعلق تميمة فقد أشرك ﷺ the prophet
Whoever hands a charm then they have fallen into shirk
What is the third Hadith in this chapter ?
حذيفه رأى رجلا فى يده خيط من الحمى فقطعه و تلا قوله ( و ما يومن أكثرهم بالله إلا وهم مشركون
That Hudayfa saw a man wearing a charm and he said him he is wearing it to protect him from poisonous bites. Hudayfa cut it . ‘ and most of them do not believe in Allah Withought committing shirk’ - surah yusuf ( 12:106)
This narration is authentic but Withought recitation of the verse
What is the point of evidence ?
What Hudayfa he saw something that was not permissible to do, so he cut off. The people that are mentioned in the verse believe in the Rububiyah of Allah but they are mushrikoon in the Tawhid of Allah
What was the dua that the prophet ﷺ say to those who use charms/ shells?
من تعلق تميمة أن الله لا يتم له و من تعلق و دعة فلا ودع الله له أى : ترك الله له
For the one who wears a charm that Allah does not give him protection and for the one who wears a shell May Allah not protect him ie this means may Allah abandon him
Chapter 8: what is said about Ruqya and charms
ما جاء في الرقى والتمائم
What is the connection between this chapter and kitab al Tawhid?
This chapter deals with those things that can possibly get rid of one’s Tawhid ( cause Tawhid to be deficient)
What is Ruqa ( plural for Ruqya)?
ادعية و الفاظ تقال او تتلى ثم ينفث فيها للتحصين المقر عليه او شفاه
Supplications and wordings that are said or recited that a person blows into, to protect the one that it is being recited on or to cure him
What is the ruling for Ruqya?
- If a person believes that Ruqya itself protects of brings about benefit or if a person calls upon other than Allah ﷻ, then it is major shirk
- If a person believes it is a means and that Allah ﷻ is the one that cures, then it is legislated and it is permissible ( the prophet ﷺ said لا بأس بالرقى ما لم تكن شركًا )
- If a person is reciting things that are unknown and words that are unclear, then that is muharam ( not permissible)
What is the ruling on التمائم ?
- If a person believes that these charms are a cure within themselves, then that is major shirk ( committed shirk in the Rububiyah of Allah ﷻ)
- If a person believes that these charms are a means for protection then that is minor shirk
- If a person hangs Quran on themselves ( تعويذ ) - small scriptures of Quran hung up or on people- you will find that the salaf differed on this ( the stronger opinion is that it is haram because the Prophet ﷺ said ‘من تعلق تميمة ‘فقد اشرك
What is the general principle of taking an opinion that the salafi scholars differed in?
If the salaf differ over a مسئله, then we take the one that is closer and stronger to the evidence
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
The prophet ﷺ sent a messenger and he said to him, “ do not leave any تميمة (charm) in a camels neck”
This shows it is compulsory to get rid of the charms on there camels
What is مسائل in this Hadith?
- The Hadith says في رقبة بعير -
This was the norm, but it doesn’t specify in this specific positon ie legs, arm, sheep, cow etc ( the condition still applies )
(هذا خرج مخرج الغالب)
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
Ibn Masoud Said, I heard Allah’s Messenger ﷺ saying: ‘ Ruqya, charms and tiwala are shirk’
وعن ابن مسعود قال: سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول: إن الرقى والتمائم والتولة شرك
What is التولة ? ( tiwala)
A form of magic that is practised in which a person asks the magician to perform on another person that he/she loves so that they end up loving them
What is السرف و العطف?
To take away and to bring together ( will study in Nawaqid Al Islam)
Why did the Musnif say that الرقى والتمائم shirk immediately? ( although some types of Ruqya and Tamaim is not shirk)
When the sheikh talks about the terms , الرقى والتمائم he is referring to the ones that are shirk ( العهديه)- the ones that are shirk
What is the point of evidence?
The prophet ﷺ said ‘ whomsoever connects himself to something , then it is him and that thing’ ( out of the reliance of Allah ﷻ )
من تعلق شيئا و كل إليه
What is another point of evidence ?
و من اوكل من غير الله هلك و الاسباب مؤدية الهلاك محرم
And Whoever is entrusted in other than Allah ﷻ is destroyed and the reason that lead to destruction are haram
What is the third Hadith in this chapter?
يا رويفع، لعل الحياة تطول بك فأخبر الناس أن من عقد لحيته، أو تقلد وترا، أو استنجى برجيع دابة أو عظم، فإن محمدا بريء منه
It may be that you will live long, Tell the people that whom so ever places strings or chords or a charm around their neck, just like the times of jahiliya ( pre Islamic ignorance) , then Muhammad is free from him
What does this Hadith show?
That the Prophet ﷺ told this companion that if a person hangs something on themselves as a form of protection from any harm, they they are free from the prophet ﷺ, and that is a sign of it being a major sin ( shows the severity of the sin)
What is the fourth Hadith?
وعن سعيد بن جبير قال: “من قطع تميمة من إنسان كان كعدل رقبة
From Saed bin Jabeer said: ‘ whoever cuts off a luck charm from another person, it is as if they have freed/ liberated them’
What is the point of evidence?
If you cut an amulet of someone, you are freeing them from the shackles of shirk , so it is as if you have saved and freed him from slavery
What is the statement that is linked to this chapter?
وله عن أبراهيم قال :كانوا يكرهون التمائم كلها من القران وغير القران
From Ibrahim Al Nakha’i ( one of the students of Ibn Masoud) : they objected to all types of charm whether they contain the Quran or not ( ie it’s haram)
Chapter 9: in seeking the blessings of trees, stones and other things
من تبرك بشجرة أو حجر و نحوهما
What is the meaning of the chapter ?
بيان ان التبرك بالاشجار والاحجار ونحوهما من الشرك و ان هذا التبرك يونافي التوحيد اما كليا او جزيا
That seeking blessings from trees, stones, caves and anything similar is a form of shirk, it negates Tawhid either in totality or partially
What is the principle of this chapter? ( تأصيل المسألة )
البركة من الله تعالى القاعده فلا تطلب من غيره قال رسول الله ﷺ “البركة من الله “
Blessings belong to Allah ﷻ
التبرك is of different types
What are the 4 types?
١. تبرك مشروع : tabaruk that is legislated
وهو ما دل الكتاب والسنة على بركته
That which is known by the Quran and the Sunnah
٢. تبرك شرك الأكبر:tabaruk that consists of major shirk
To seek blessings from other than Allah ﷻ i.e stones, idols , graves. Believing that it will get you closer to Allah ﷻ or believing that thing itself is the one that brings about benefits ( shirk in the Rububiyah of Allah ﷻ)
٣. تبرك شرك الاصغر : tabaruk that consists of minor shirk
To seek blessings from other than Allah ﷻ I.e stones, idols, graves. Believing that it is only a means/reason and don’t believe that the blessings are from it
٤. تبرك بدعي: tabaruk that is innovated
To seek blessings from something that Allah ﷻ has legislated in a way that Allah ﷻ hasn’t legislated
What is the meaning of البركه?
كثرة الخير
Continues blessings
What is the connection of this chapter and kitab al Tawhid?
Tawhid is to seek blessings from Allah ﷻ alone and seeking blessings from trees, stones and other objects is shirk, which negates that Tawhid
What is the first Ayah in this chapter?
أَفَرَءَيْتُمُ ٱللَّـٰتَ وَٱلْعُزَّىٰ ١٩ وَمَنَوٰةَ ٱلثَّالِثَةَ ٱلْأُخْرَىٰٓ ٢٠ أَلَكُمُ ٱلذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ ٱلْأُنثَىٰ ٢١ تِلْكَ إِذًۭا قِسْمَةٌۭ ضِيزَىٰٓ ٢٢ إِنْ هِىَ إِلَّآ أَسْمَآءٌۭ سَمَّيْتُمُوهَآ أَنتُمْ وَءَابَآؤُكُم مَّآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلْطَـٰنٍ ۚ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا ٱلظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى ٱلْأَنفُسُ ۖ وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ ٱلْهُدَىٰٓ ٢٣
Now, have you considered ˹the idols of˺ Lât and ’Uzza, and the third one, Manât, as well? Do you ˹prefer to˺ have sons while ˹you attribute˺ to Him daughters? Then this is ˹truly˺ a biased distribution! These ˹idols˺ are mere names that you and your forefathers have made up1—a practice Allah has never authorized. They follow nothing but ˹inherited˺ assumptions and whatever ˹their˺ souls desire, although ˹true˺ guidance has already come to them from their Lord.
What is the connection between the verse and the chapter?
To show that the mushrikun ( idol worshipers ) during the time of the prophet ﷺ, they would go to these trees and stones and other idols, in order to attain benefit and blessings from them
Who was Lat ( لات) ?
He was a righteous individual who use to make porridge for the hujaj (حجاج) . When he died رحمه الله, they carved him out into an idol and started calling upon him
What is the meaning of الات
Withought the tashdeed, it is taken from the word of Allah as ‘Allah’
What is the meaning of عزى
Taken from the name of Allah ﷻ Al Aziz (العزيز)
Who was مناة?
An idol that was between Makkah and Madinah
Who destroyed Manat ( مناة)?
By the orders of the prophet ﷺ, he ordered Ali Ibn Ali Talib رضى الله عنه to destroy مناة
Who destroyed العزى?
Khalid ibn Walid رضى الله عنه
What is the point of evidence fo this verse?
These mushrikun, would go to these idols ( Uzzah, Alat, manat etc), to seek blessings from them, to gain worldly benefits from them and Allah ﷻ refuted them over that ( anyone who does the same action as them, takes the same ruling as them)
What is the first Hadith of the chapter?
It was narrated by Oubay Waked Al-Laythi that he said, “we went out with Allah’s messenger ﷺ to fight during the battle Hounain and we were new to Islam, we were unbelievers a very short time ago. Polythiests used to have a noble plant/tree which they hanged their weapons ( it used to be called the Anwat)
Allah ﷻ said ‘ وَجَـٰوَزْنَا بِبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ ٱلْبَحْرَ فَأَتَوْا۟ عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍۢ يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَصْنَامٍۢ لَّهُمْ ۚ قَالُوا۟ يَـٰمُوسَى ٱجْعَل لَّنَآ إِلَـٰهًۭا ‘كَمَا لَهُمْ ءَالِهَةٌۭ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌۭ تَجْهَلُونَ
We brought the Children of Israel across the sea and they came upon a people devoted to idols. They demanded, “O Moses! Make for us a god like their gods.” He replied, “Indeed, you are a people acting ignorantly!
Surah Al A’raf {7:138}
What did the mushrikun ( مشركون ) do in regards to this tree?
١. كان يعظمونها- they use to glorify and honour it
٢. كان يعكفون عندها- they would spend long hours next to it
٣. كان يلوطون به السلاح رجاء اتقال البركة- they would hang their swords in hope that the blessing of this tree will pass over to their weapons in making it sharper and stronger
What is the connection between the chapter and Hadith?
الحديث يدل على أن التبرك بالاشجار والاحجار ونحوها شرك و تأليه مع الله ﷻ و هذا ينافي التوحيد إما كليا أو جأزيا
The Hadith shows that seeking blessing from trees, stones and the like of it is shirk and it is worshipping others besides Allah ﷻ. That negates Tawhid either in totality or partially ( totality is major shirk and partially is minor shirk)
Chapter 10: what is said for slaughtering for other than Allah
ما جاء في الذبح لغير الله
What is the meaning of the chapter title? ( مقصود الترجمة )
بيان حكم ذبح لغير الله وانه نوع من انواع الشرك
Explaining the ruling on slaughtering for someone other than Allah ﷻ, and that is a type of shirk
What is الذبح?
إراقة دم من اجل تقرب الله
Slaughtering blood in order to attain nearness to Allah ﷻ
What is the principle of this chapter? ( تأصيل المسألة )
الذبح بقصد تعبد والتعظيم عبادة لا تصرف إلا لله و صرفها لغير الله شرك اكبر
Slaughtering with the intention of worship and glorification and honouring is a form of worship, it is only perform for Allah ﷻ, and performing it for other than Allah ﷻ is major shirk
الذبح is of 3 types
What are they?
١. ذبح لله: ﷻ slaughtering for Allah
Worship and glorification of Allah ﷻ
٢. ذبح لغير الله محبة وتعظيما الذبح لاصحاب القبور و الجن: slaughtering for other than Allah whilst loving and glorifying that thing you are slaughtering for I.e those that slaughter for the people in their graves
( they call them Awliya) or the jinn
( this is major shirk )
٣. ذبح المباح:slaughtering that is permissible
I.e slaughter to feed family or guests or a person who sells animals
What is the first verse of the chapter?
قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِى وَنُسُكِى وَمَحْيَاىَ وَمَمَاتِى لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ ١٦٢ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُۥ ۖ وَبِذَٰلِكَ أُمِرْتُ وَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ ١٦٣
Say, “Surely my prayer, my sacrifice, my life, and my death are all for Allah—Lord of all worlds. He has no partner. So I am commanded, and so I am the first to submit.”
Surah Al An’am {6:162-163}
What does this verse tell us?
Salah and slaughtering are a form of Ibadah ( worship ) therefore it should only be performed for Allah ﷻ, and it is done for other than Allah ﷻ, then it is a form of major shirk
What is the connection between the the principle of the chapter and the verse?
The slaughtering that is mentioned in the verse is ibadah ( worship), because it is done by تعبد والتعظيم ( gain nearness to Allah ﷻ and to glorify Him)
What is another verse linked to this chapter?
فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَٱنْحَرْ ٢
So pray and sacrifice to your Lord ˹alone˺.
Surah Al Kawthar {108:2}
What is the connection between the verse and the chapter title?
Allah ﷻ commanded us with the prayer and slaughtering for His sake ( if Allah ﷻ commands us with something, then it comes into the perimeter of ibadah ( worship)
What is the first Hadith of this chapter?
It was narrated by Ali ibn Abi Talib that the prophet ﷺ said to him four terms:
١. لعن الله من ذبح لغير الله
٢. لعن الله من لعن والديه
٣. لعن الله من اوى محدثا
٤. لعن الله من غير منار إلأرض
- May Allah ﷻ curse the one that slaughters for other than Allah ﷻ
- May Allah ﷻ curse the one that curses his parents ( he curses his parents by cursing the parents of someone else)
- May Allah ﷻ curse the one that introduces something into the affair of the religion or dunya ( either someone who is an innovator or a person who has caused another person harm and you have given that person shelter)
- May Allah ﷻ curse the one that changed the landmarks
What does لعن mean?
الطرد والإبعاد من رحمة الله
To be distant and thrown away from the mercy of Allah ﷻ
What does the Hadith show?
That the one who slaughters for other than Allah ﷻ is cursed ( shows that it is haram)
What is the connection between the Hadith and the chapter title?
The prophet ﷺ cursed the one that slaughtered for other than Allah ﷻ
What is the second ( last ) Hadith mentioned in this chapter?
It was narrated by Tarek bin Shehab that the Prophet ﷺ said ‘ A man was admitted into paradise because of a fly and a man entered into the Hellfire because of a fly ‘ They said ‘ O Allah’s Messenger ﷺ how is that possible’. He ﷺ said ‘ two men passed by a people with an image beyond which no body could go Withought sacrificing. So those people told one man to sacrifice, but he said that he had nothing to offer, so they said you may offer a fly. So he sacrificed the fly and so they let him go and he was sent to Hellfire . They told the other man to sacrifice and he said he would not sacrifice for other than Allah ﷻ. They cut his head and he was admitted into paradise
Sahih by ikhraj Ahmad in ( Al zuhd)
What is صنم?
ما يعبد من دون الله على شكل صور
Something that is worshiped besides Allah ﷻ and has a structure
What is وثن?
ما يعبد من دون الله وليس له شكل معين
That it is worshiped besides Allah ﷻ and it doesn’t have a structure
What is الجزاء من جنس العمل?
I.e In the dunyah the first man is given safety and security but in the hereafter he is not given safety and security
What is the point of evidence in this Hadith?
That the individual that slaughtered for other than Allah ﷻ entered into the fire and the one that refused to slaughter for other than Allah ﷻ entered into paradise
Why does sheikh ibn Abd Al Wahab mention a Hadith that is weak sometimes?
- According to him, he may have taken it from a 3alim that believes it to be sahih
- Only uses it as supporting evidence and that there are other evidences that show exactly the same hadith
Chapter 11: no sacrificing in a place where sacrifices are offered to other than Allah ﷻ
لا يذبح لله بمكان يذبح فيه لغير الله
What is the overview of this chapter?
He is mentioning evidences to show that it is prohibited to do an act of worship for Allah ﷻ in a place where it is known that other than Allah ﷻ is worshiped in that place
I.e if there are mushrikun and they have a certain location in a graveyard, and they go there and slaughter for other than Allah ﷻ, we can not go to that place even if you are slaughtering for Allah ﷻ
What is the meaning of the chapter title? ( مقصود الترجمة )
بيان تحريم الذبح لله بمكان يذبح فيه لغير الله ﷻ
Explaining the ruling that it is prohibited to slaughter for Allah ﷻ in a place in which other than Allah ﷻ is slaughtered for
( a place that is known for that specific act)
What is the connection between the chapter title and Kitab Al Tawhid?
Slaughtering for Allah ﷻ in a place which is known for shirk is from the things that lead to shirk Al Akbar ( major shirk) , and anything that leads to major shirk negates Tawhid of Allah ﷻ
The sheikh says لا يذبح, what does it mean?
- It is a command / prohibition ( النهى) and it is not permissible to slaughter in a place where other than Allah ﷻ is slaughtered for
- It can be النقى ( a negation ), if the place that other than Allah ﷻ is slaughtered for then we don’t slaughter for Allah ﷻ in that place
What is the ruling for slaughtering in that Place ( other than Allah ﷻ has been slaughtered for ) ?
It is haram ( and the evidence is to be mentioned in this chapter and also due to the following reasons):
١. وسيله من وسائل الشرك (it is a path that can lead to shirk)
٢. التشبه المشركين (imitating the mushrikeen)
The prophet ﷺ said ‘من تشبه بقوم فهو منهم’
‘Whoever imitates a people then he is from them’
٣. انه يؤدي الى اختيار الناس به او التلبس على الناس( it leads to misleading and deceiving people )
٤. يؤدي الى تقوى المشركين على فعلهم( it leads the mushrikun to strengthen and promote their ibadah)
What is the meaning behind تشبه بالمشركين
( the resembling of the kufar)
فعل ما هو من خصائص الكفار
Doing an action that are from things that are specific to them, that only the mushrikun do
I.e the vows they say when they get married, or wearing a white dress in weddings
What is the ruling of تشبه بالكفار?
لا يجوز التشبه بالكفار و الفساق في الأقول و الأفعال و اللباس
It is not permissible to resemble the kufar in words, actions and dress
لا تشترط الموافقة في النية لمنع التشبه بالكفار
It is not a condition that a person does not need to have the same intention as the kufar for his action to be prohibited I.e if a person wears the clothing of the priest, Withought the connotation of the belief, the niyah is not looked at
The evidence for this is that the prophet ﷺ prohibited us from praying to Allah ﷻ during 3 times:
1. When the sun is rising
2. When the sun is at height midday
3. When the sun is setting
Because it is the prayer of the fire worshipers
What is the first verse of the chapter?
لَا تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًۭا ۚ لَّمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ ۚ فِيهِ رِجَالٌۭ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُوا۟ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُطَّهِّرِينَ
Do not ˹O Prophet˺ ever pray in it. Certainly, a mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy of your prayers. In it are men who love to be purified.1 And Allah loves those who purify themselves.
Surah Al Tawba { 9:108}
What is the point of evidence of this verse?
وجه الدلالة من الايه من جهة القياس، فإذا مونعا رسول اللهﷺ من الصلاة في مسجد الدرار لانه وسيسة لمعصية الله فكذالك الذبح بمكان يذبحو فيه لخير الله لانه كذالك وسيسة على معصية الله فلعلة واحد والحكم يدر مع العلة وجود وعدما
From the Angel of analogy, so since the prophet ﷺ was prohibited from praying in Masjid Dirar because it was established in disobedience of Allah ﷻ, then likewise a place in which other than Allah ﷻ has been slaughtered for because that likewise was established for the disobedience of Allah ﷻ
What is the First Hadith of the chapter?
It was narrated by Thabat Bin Ad-Dahak, who said ‘ A man vowed to slay a camel at Bouwanah. He went to the Prophet ﷺ to ask for permission. The prophet ﷺ said ‘ is there any image of the images of Pre- Islam in it that was worshipped?’ They said ‘no’ then the prophet ﷺ said ‘ did they celebrate any of their festivals there?’ They said ‘ no’ so Allah’s Messenger ﷺ said ‘ carry out your vow for verily it is not permissible to fulfil a vow based upon sin and it’s not permissible to make a vow on something doesn’t owe
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith?
If the man where to say yes to any of these two questions, the prophet ﷺ would have said it is not permissible to fulfill his vow, because it is a place where other than Allah ﷻ has been worshiped
What does العيد mean?
Sheikh Al Islam said:
العيد اسم لما يعود من الإجتماع العام على وجه معتاد
Eid is a name for general gatherings that take place in a way that is normalised or what comes around
أعياد is of two types
What are they?
١. اعياد مشروعه- Eid’s that is legislated
I.e Eid al Adha, Eid Al Fitr and Yawm Al Jum3a
٢. اعياد ممنوعه- Eid’s that are prohibited
I.e Christmas, Easter, New years, mawlid, layl Al Isra wal mi3raj, Anniversary, valentines
There are narrations that say that Muslims can pray in churches as long as there are no statues or images but we can not slaughter in places for other than Allah ﷻ , why is that?
- Because the way the Muslim pray and nasari prays are different
- The church was built for the worship of Allah ﷻ
Chapter 12: it is shirk to vow for other than Allah
من الشرك ( الأكبر)النذر لغير الله
What is the connection between the chapter title and kitab Al Tawhid?
Vowing is a ibadah, and doing an Ibadah for other than Allah ﷻ, necessities shirk and shirk nullifies Tawhid
What is the meaning behind النذر ?
When a person says I.e ‘ O Allah I will slaughter x amount of animals or I will fast for 3 days in this month’
This is ibadah
Actions that a person does is of two types, what are they?
- Actions that is other than Ibadah: I.e asking someone a favour
- Actions that is Ibadah: I.e. vowing
What is مناسبة الباب in this chapter? ( what does the chapter talk about)
فيه ذكر نوع من انواع الشرك الاكبر و هو تفسير للتوحيد و يونافي التوحيد
Talks about a type of major shirk and explains what Tawhid is and negates Tawhid
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان ان النذر لغير الله شرك وقد جزم المؤلف بل حكم لوضوحه
Clarifying that making a vow for other than Allah ﷻ is shirk, and the author has given the ruling due to the fact that it is clear cut
What is a فائدة to establish if something is shirk or not?
كل ما تقرر ان انه عبادة لله فجعله لغير الله شرك
Everything that has been established that it is a form of Ibadah, then giving it to other than Allah ﷻ is Major shirk
What is النذر ?
الزام المكلف نفسه طاعة غير لازمة بأصل الشرع تعظيم للمنذور لهو
That a Muslim makes wajib upon himself which wasn’t compulsory upon him due to glorifying the one that the vow has been done for
I.e if a person says ‘ upon me is if I fast 3 days this month ( for the sake of Allah ﷻ - vow) then it is wajib upon him
What is the first verse in this chapter?
يُوفُونَ بِٱلنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًۭا كَانَ شَرُّهُۥ مُسْتَطِيرًۭا
They ˹are those who˺ fulfil ˹their˺ vows and fear a Day of sweeping horror,
Surah Al insan { 76:7 }
The verse points towards the chapter title from two angles, what are they? (محل الشاهد )
- The fact that Allah ﷻ has praised those who fulfill their vows, so fulfilling vows is beloved to Allah ﷻ, and anything that is beloved to Allah ﷻ is a form of worship
- Allah ﷻ mentioned that full filing vows is a reason for entering Jannah
Allah ﷻ mentioned that full filing vows is a reason for entering Jannah, what verse shows this?
فَوَقَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْيَوْمِ وَلَقَّىٰهُمْ نَضْرَةًۭ وَسُرُورًۭا
So Allah will deliver them from the horror of that Day, and grant them radiance and joy,
Surah Al insan { 76:11}
What is the second verse in this chapter?
ٱلَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مِيثَـٰقِهِۦ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦٓ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْخَـٰسِرُونَ
those who violate Allah’s covenant after it has been affirmed, break whatever ˹ties˺ Allah has ordered to be maintained, and spread corruption in the land. It is they who are the ˹true˺ losers.
Surah Al Baqarah { 2:27 }
What is the point of evidence in this verse?
تعليق شيء بعلم الله دليل على انه محل الجزاء و ما كان سبب للجزاء فهوا عباده وبتالى فصرفه لخير الله شرك
If something is connected to the knowledge of Allah ﷻ verily Allah ﷻ knows, then it shows that it is a reason for this person to be rewarded and anything that necessitates for a person to be rewarded, is a form of Ibadah, therefore doing it for other than Allah ﷻ is shirk
What is the first Hadith of this chapter ?
It was mentioned in Sahih after Aisha رضي الله عنها that the prophet ﷺ said ‘ He who vows to obey Allah ﷻ then let him obey Him and He who vows to disobey Allah let him not to do it’
Sahih Bukhari 6696
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith?
That fact that prophet ﷺ called النذر a طاعه ( obedience) to Allah ﷻ shows that’s it’s an Ibadah, anything that is Ibadah and it is done for other than Allah ﷻ, then it is shirk
النذر is of two types
What are they?
١. النذر المطلق- A vow that is unrestricted
I.e to make a vow to fast 3 days every month for the sake of Allah ﷻ- not a condition to get something back
٢. النذر المعلق- A vow that is connected to something
I.e a person says ‘ O Allah if you cure me, I will pay x amount of money’ — that is makruh
Chapter 13: seeking refuge in other than Allah ﷻ is shirk
من الشرك الاستعاذة بغير الله
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان ان الاستعاذة بغير الله شرك اكبر
Clarifying seeking refuge in other than Allah ﷻ is major shirk
What is the principle of this chapter? ( تأصيل المسألة )— and for the following chapters
١. الدعاء:
الدعاء هو طلب ما ينفع الداعي وطلب كشف ما يضره او طلب دفعه او طلب ما يدفعة
The dua is to call upon other than Him, in that which benefits him and to remove harm from him or to protect him from harms way ( dua calling upon Allah ﷻ in which only He can do is Ibadah, then giving it to other than Allah ﷻ is shirk)
٢. الدعاء in the sharia is of two types
1. دعاء العبادة-
To carry out the duties that Allah ﷻhas prescribed upon you ( I.e that Allah ﷻ
protects you, enters you to paradise
- دعاء السأله-
To ask Allah ﷻ for that which will benefit you in the dunyah and the hearafter I.e you raise your hands and say O Allah ﷻ grant me righteous children
٣. الدعاء عبادة عامة ومن افرادها الاستعانة والاستعاذة والاستغاثة
Dua is a general act of worship and it includes seeking Aid, seeking refuge and seeking rescue ( from Hardship) from Allah ﷻ
٤. الاستعاذة الدعاء لكشف الضر او لدفعه
Seeking refuge in Allah ﷻ in which it is a dua in asking Allah ﷻ to remove the harm or prevent the harm from coming to you
٥. الاستعاذة انواع-
- الاستعاذة العبادية-
to seeking refuge in Allah ﷻ ( it’s a form of ibadah ) - الاستعاذة الشركية-
To seek refuge in other than Allah ﷻ in that which only Allah ﷻ is able to do ( shirk as it necessitates giving the rights of Allah ﷻ to other than Him) - الاستعاذة الجائزة-
To seek refuge that is permissible ( to seek refuge in someone with 3 conditions ) - حيا(alive)
- حاضر(present)
- قادر(able)
٦. المتصف بالصفات الربوبية هو المستحق بالعبادة واحده
Thé one who has the attributes of Tawhid Al Rububiyah ( Allah ﷻ), He is the one that deserves to be worshiped alone
٧. من استعانة او استعاذة او استغاثة بخير الله في ما لا يقدره الا الله فقد اشرك شركا اكبر
Whomsover seeks the help of or seeks refuge of seeks rescue for other than Allah ﷻ in that which only Allah ﷻ can do, verily they have committed major shirk
What is the connection between the chapter title and kitab al Tawhid ?
The chapter talks about a type of shirk, which negates the Tawhid of Allah ﷻ therefore this chapter is an explanation of Tawhid
What is the first verse of the chapter?
وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالٌۭ مِّنَ ٱلْإِنسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلْجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمْ رَهَقًۭا
And some men used to seek refuge with some jinn—so they increased each other in wickedness.
Surah Al jinn { 72:6 }
What does this verse tell us?
From that shirk that used to take place, that every time a group of men where traveling and reach a valley, they would say
أعوذ بسيد هذا الوادي
They would seek refuge from the jinn that resided there
The verse فَزَادُوهُمْ رَهَقًۭا has two tafsirs from the scholars, what are they?
- That seeking refuge from the Jinn will only increase them in fear
2 that the jinn themselves when they see the insan was seeking refuge in them, that increases the jinn in having pride
What is the objective/ meaning of the verse ? (مقصود الترجمة )
What they where doing is they won’t commit shirk, and from that is seeking refuge in Allah ﷻ
What is the significance of the verse ?
( وجه الدلالة )
اخبر الله سبحانه وتعالى ان الجن امنو بالله، واخبره انه ترك الشرك الذي كان يفعلونه قبل الإيمان و من هذا الشرك استعذة إنس بالجن واقرهم الله تعلى على هذا الترك فدل ان الأستعاذة بغير الله شرك
Allah ﷻ tells us that the Jinn believed in Allah ﷻ and He tells them that they left off the shirk that they used perform before , and from that shirk that they repented from, is to call upon/ seeking refuge in Allah ﷻ ( and that calling upon other than Allah ﷻ is shirk )
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
And narrated by khawla Bint Hakim that she heard the prophet ﷺ said:
من نزل منزلا فقال: أعوذ بكلمات الله التامات من شر ما خلق: لم يضره شيء حتى يرحل من منزله ذلك
Whoever sets/ stays in a place and says ‘ I seek refuge in the words of Allah ﷻ in evil that which He created’, nothing will harm him until they leave that place
What is the significance of this Hadith?
تقرب النبيﷺ الى اللهﷻ بالاستعاذة به وحرثة لامته على ذلك و ما تقرب به النبيﷺ او دع الناس اليه فهوا عبادة وصرف لغير الله شرك
That Hadith shows that the prophet ﷺ sought nearness to Allah ﷻ by seeking refuge in Him, and he encouraged people to seek refuge in Allah ﷻ and anything that the prophet ﷺ said to get close to Allah ﷻ with, is a form of Ibadah and diverting it to other than Allah ﷻ is shirk
What does the Hadith tell us?
That we should seek refuge in Allah ﷻ alone
What did the scholars say about the example of the Hadith?
حصول شيء لا يدل على جواز الشيء
Just because benefit comes about doesn’t mean the pathway you have taken is permissible ( I.e if the jinn protected them, does not make it permissible for them to worship the jinn)
Chapter 14: seeking refuge in other than Allah ﷻ or calling to other than Him is a type of shirk
من الشرك أن يستغيث بغير الله أو يدعو غيره
What does الاستغاثة?
طلب النصرة والعون في الشدة
To call for help at times of hardship
There are 3 types of الاستغاثة
What are they?
١. الاستغاثة العبادية-
Seeking Aid/ rescue that is sought from Allah ﷻ
٢. الاستغاثة الشركية -
Seeking Aid/ rescue in other than Allah ﷻ in that which Allah ﷻ is able to do
٣. الاستغاثة الجائز-
Seeking Aid/ rescue during hardship ,if a person is قادر ، حادر وحي
( able, present and alive )
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان ان الاستغاثة بغير الله من الشرك الاكبر
Clarifying that calling for help In other than Allah ﷻ is shirk
What is the first verse in this chapter ?
وَلَا تَدْعُ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا يَنفَعُكَ وَلَا يَضُرُّكَ ۖ فَإِن فَعَلْتَ فَإِنَّكَ إِذًۭا مِّنَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ
and ‘Do not invoke, instead of Allah, what can neither benefit nor harm you—for if you do, then you will certainly be one of the wrongdoers,’
Surah Yunus { 10:106 }
The connection between the chapter and the verse is of 4 angles, what are they?
١. و لا تدع من دون الله -
Do not call upon other than Allah ﷻ
(This is a prohibition )
٢. ما لا ينفعك ولا يضرك -
Do not call upon those than can not harm and can not benefit you
( والذي لا ينفعه ولا يضره لا يستحق العبادة)
٣. فإن فعلت فأنك إذا من الظالمين-
And if you do so then you are from the thalimeen ( mushrikeen)
٤. وَإِن يَمْسَسْكَ ٱللَّهُ بِضُرٍّۢ فَلَا كَاشِفَ لَهُۥٓ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ
{ 10:106 }
لا كاشف للضر إلا الله فإذا كان لا يكشف الضر إلا هو وجب ان لا يودعا إلا هو
If a harm was to come to you, then there is no one that can remove it except Allah ﷻ
What is the second verse in this Chapter?
إِنَّمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ
You worship in other than Allah ﷻ
فَٱبْتَغُوا۟ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرِّزْقَ وَٱعْبُدُوهُ وَٱشْكُرُوا۟ لَهُۥٓ ۖ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
So seek provision from Allah ˹alone˺, worship Him, and be grateful to Him. To Him you will ˹all˺ be returned.
Surah Al Ankabut { 29:70 }
What is the point of evidence in this verse?
امر الله عباده باي يعبدونه ومن العبادة الدعاء والاستغاثة
Allah ﷻ commanded the people to worship Him alone and from worship is making dua and seeking rescue/ Aid
What is the third verse In this chapter?
وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّن يَدْعُوا۟ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَن لَّا يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُۥٓ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ وَهُمْ عَن دُعَآئِهِمْ غَـٰفِلُونَ ٥
وَإِذَا حُشِرَ ٱلنَّاسُ كَانُوا۟ لَهُمْ أَعْدَآءًۭ وَكَانُوا۟ بِعِبَادَتِهِم كَـٰفِرِينَ
And who could be more astray than those who call upon others besides Allah—˹others˺ that cannot respond to them until the Day of Judgment, and are ˹even˺ unaware of their calls?And when ˹such˺ people will be gathered together, those ˹gods˺ will be their enemies and will disown their worship.
Surah Al Ahqaf { 46:5-6 }
What is the fourth verse in this chapter?
أَمَّن يُجِيبُ ٱلْمُضْطَرَّ إِذَا دَعَاهُ وَيَكْشِفُ ٱلسُّوٓءَ وَيَجْعَلُكُمْ خُلَفَآءَ ٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ أَءِلَـٰهٌۭ مَّعَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ
Or ˹ask them,˺ “Who responds to the distressed when they cry to Him, relieving ˹their˺ affliction, and ˹Who˺ makes you successors in the earth? Is it another god besides Allah?
Surah Al Naml { 27:62 }
What is the point of evidence of this verse ?
يقرر الله الاهية بربوبية لان المشركين يعلمون انه لا يجيب الموطر و يكشف السوء إلا الله
اذا كنتم تقرون بذلك فكيف جعلتم له شريك في الإلهية
Allah ﷻ established Uluhiyah and lordship because the polytheists know that no one responds to distress/ Hardship or remove evil except Him ( Allah ﷻ is proving that He alone can save us )
If you acknowledge how does one make him a partner in His Uluhiyah
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
At Tabarani narrated ‘ verily there existed at the time of the holy prophet ﷺ a hypocrite who used to harm the believers. Some of them said: let us go and seek refuge with Allah’s Messenger ﷺ from that hypocrite. The prophet ﷺ said
‘ إنه لا يستغاث بي إنما يستغاث بالله’
‘ you can not seek refuge with me, you should seek refuge with Allah ﷻ’
This Hadith is Daif ( weak )
Why was this Hadith regarded as Daif?
This is because Ibn Lahi’ah’s books where burnt. The same rule will be applied to Ibn Lahi’ah (rahimahullah). Hence, his Hadiths will only be judged as sound (hasan) if they were proven to be reported prior to his books being burnt
The scholars mentioned a few different reasons as to why the prophet ﷻ said this, what are they ?
- Glorifying and honouring Allah ﷻ, where by he is commanding them to seek help from Allah ﷻ alone
- The prophet ﷺ wisdom is that he would not harm the hypocrites because the mushrikun would use that to deter people from Islam
Why do scholars mentioned weak Hadith’s?
- This Alim ( scholar )may not see this Hadith to be weak
- They won’t use it as the main evidence ,just as a side evidence
( I.e in this chapter the weak Hadith affirms the verses used in this chapter )
Chapter 15: the chapter of displaying shirk ( introduced as a surah )
أَيُشْرِكُونَ مَا لَا يَخْلُقُ شَيْـًۭٔا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ ١٩١ وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ لَهُمْ نَصْرًۭا وَلَآ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَنصُرُونَ ١٩٢
Do they associate ˹with Allah˺ those ˹idols˺ which cannot create anything, but are in fact created; which cannot help them, or even help themselves?
Surah Al A’raf { 7:191-192 }
What is the connection between these 4 following chapters and kitab Al Tawhid?
The sheikh in the previous chapters talked about major shirk, and now he will mention some of the evidences from the Quran and the Sunnah and the intellect ( proving the falseness of shirk and proving Tawhid )
What is the objective /significance of this chapter and the 3 that following
?( مقصود الباب)
بيان ان من دلائل توحيد الله و بطلان الشرك قدرة
الخالق وكماله وعجز المخلوق ونقصانه
ففيه الاستدلال بتوحيد الربوبية على توحيد الألوهية الخالق قادر و كامل و مالك والمخلوق ضعيف وناقص ولأجل هاذا لا يستحق العبادة إلا الله
The evidences that show the Tawhid of Allah ﷻ and the falseness of shirk, the power of Allah ﷻ and Allah ﷻ completeness and the deficiency and weakness of the creation. In it there is Tawhid Al Rububiyah as evidence to prove Tawhid Al Uluhiyah so Allah ﷻ is all able and complete and the creation is weak and deficient therefore the one that deserves worship is Allah ﷻ the most complete
What is the first verse mentioned in this chapter ?
أَيُشْرِكُونَ مَا لَا يَخْلُقُ شَيْـًۭٔا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ ١٩١ وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ لَهُمْ نَصْرًۭا وَلَآ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَنصُرُونَ ١٩٢
Do they associate ˹with Allah˺ those ˹idols˺ which cannot create anything, but are in fact created; which cannot help them, or even help themselves?
Surah Al A’raf { 7:191-192 }
What is the significance of this verse ?( وجه الدلالة )
الاية تدل على عجز المخلوق وعدم القدرة على الخلق والنصر وهذا يدل على عدم إستحقاق للعبادة
The verse shows the weakness and deficiency of the creation and the fact that they are unable to create and they are not able to aid the one that is calling upon them, and this proves that he has no right to be worshiped
What is the second verse mentioned in this chapter?
وَٱلَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِن قِطْمِيرٍ ١٣ إِن تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا۟ دُعَآءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا۟ مَا ٱسْتَجَابُوا۟ لَكُمْ ۖ وَيَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْ ۚ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍۢ ١٤
But those ˹idols˺ you invoke besides Him do not possess even the skin of a date stone. If you call upon them, they cannot hear your calls. And if they were to hear, they could not respond to you. On the Day of Judgment they will disown your worship ˹of them˺. And no one can inform you ˹O Prophet˺ like the All-Knowledgeable.
Surah Fatir { 35:13-14 }
Allah ﷻ mentions in surah Fatir in 4 stages to refute those people that they are worshiping ( idols, the dead etc. ) what are the evidences?
١. ما يملكون من قطمير-
They do not own the inner/ thinner part of the date ( white layer )— Allah ﷻ says that these things that those people call upon don’t own the smallest things
٢. لا يسمعوا دعاءكم-
They won’t hear your call—the people that call upon other than Allah ﷻ, they can’t hear their duas
٣. و لو سمعوا ما استجابوا لكم-
And even if they hear, they won’t be able to answer your dua
٤. ويوم القيامة يكفرون بشرككم-
On the last day, they will disbelieve in your shirk
What is the significance of this verse ?( وجه الدلالة )
في الايات رد و برهان قاطع على بطلان الشرك حيث جعل الله عجز معبوداتهم وسمعت دعائهم واستجابتهم لهم وعدم ملكهم بشيء دليل على عدم استحقاقهم للعبادة
In this verse there is a refutation and a clear cut evidence of showing the falseness of shirk. Allah ﷻ has made their weakness of the ones they are calling upon as they can’t hear their dua’s, can’t answer their dua’s and the fact that they don’t own anything—Allah ﷻ had made an evidence to show they are not entitled to any portion of worship
What is the connection between the verse and the chapter?
Allah ﷻ mentions that the people that call upon other than Him , posses these 4 things ( they don’t own anything, the can’t hear your duas, they can’t answer your duas and in the day of judgement they will distance themselves from you )
What is the first Hadith mentioned in this chapter?
It was mentioned in the sahih after Anas, when the mushrikun fought the companions of the prophet ﷺ.
The prophet ﷺ said:
كيف يفلح قوم شجوا نبيهم؟
How will a group of people who harm their prophet succeed ?
Then Allah ﷻ said to the prophet ﷺ
ليس لك من الأمر شيء
You ˹O Prophet˺ have no say in the matter
Surah Al Imran { 3:128 }
What is the point of evidence in this Hadith?
ليس لك من الأمر شيء
This shows a negation since the prophet ﷺ doesn’t own anything
What is the second Hadith mentioned in this chapter ?
Also in an another narration after Umar’s son , that he heard the prophet ﷺ saying when he raised his head from prostration in the last prostration of the day break prayer, and the prophet ﷺ cursed these individuals that harmed him and his companions ( the leaders of Quraysh)
What do the first and second Hadiths show?
يدلان على ان النبى ليس له من الامر شيء
They show that the prophet ﷺ doesn’t posses anything to do with the affair of the creation
The prophet ﷺ doesn’t possess anything to do with the affair of creation whether they are guided or not, and that is from different angles, what is the first?
١. لم اذاه المشركون ولم يستطع رد اذاهم بنفسه بل لجأ الى ربه القاد على جلب النفع و دفع الذر
When the mushrikun ( polytheist ) harmed the prophet ﷺ and the believers, he was unable to defend himself and his companions from their harm— rather he sought refuge in Allah ﷻ because Allah ﷻ is able to bring about benefit for the Muslims and remove harm from them and Is the one that can bring harm to the mushrikun
The prophet ﷺ doesn’t possess anything to do with the affair of creation whether they are guided or not, and that is from different angles, what is the second?
اخبر الله بأن النبى ليس له من شأن الخلق شيء بال امرهم الى الله فهذا يدل على انه لا يستحق العبادة
Allah ﷻ tells the prophet ﷺ that he has nothing to do with the affairs of the creation, and this shows that the messenger ﷺ does not deserve to be worshiped
What do the scholars say when they mention the prophet ﷺ?
عبدا فلا يعبد ورسول فلا يكذب
He’s a slave for Allah ﷻ and he is not to be worshiped, and he’s a messenger of Allah ﷻ and he is not to be disbelieved in
What is the third/last Hadith in this chapter?
It was mentioned by Abu Huraira who said that the prophet ﷺ stood when Allah ﷻ sent down this verse:
وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ ٱلْأَقْرَبِينَ
And warn ˹all, starting with˺ your closest relatives,
Surah Al Shu’ara { 26:214 }
( this verse commanded the prophet ﷺ to warn his close family and he gathered them is safa ( in masjid Al haram). He advised them to seek refuge in Allah ﷻ to be saved from Hell Fire as he can not do so)
What does this Hadith show?
That the prophet ﷺ can not benefit any of his close relatives except in that which Allah ﷻ has given him the permission to do so I.e by calling them to Islam
As for helping them escape the punishment of Allah ﷻ , then the prophet ﷺ is not able to benefit them in any way and if this is how the prophet ﷺ described himself in his lifetime , how can we now make dua to him and ask him for that which he negated himself from ?
Chapter 16: the chapter of the falseness/ impermissibility of shirk (worshipping and calling upon the angles) -( introduced as a surah )
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا فُزِّعَ عَن قُلُوبِهِمْ قَالُوا۟ مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا۟ ٱلْحَقَّ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَلِىُّ ٱلْكَبِيرُ
At last,˺ when the dread ˹of Judgment Day˺ is relieved from their hearts ˹because they are permitted to intercede˺, they will ˹excitedly˺ ask ˹the angels˺, “What has your Lord ˹just˺ said?” The angels will reply, “The truth! And He is the Most High, All-Great.”
Surah Saba { 34:23 }
What is the objective of this chapter? ( مقصود الباب)
هذا الباب وكل الباب الذي قبله ففيه برهان من براهين التوحيد فهاذه الباب فيه توكيد و تقرير لاصل المسألة و هيه بطلان الشرك
الباب الاول فيه بيان عجز افضل اهل الارض وهذا الباب فيه عجز افضل المخلوقات اهل السماء(وهم الملائكه)، وعجزهم دليل على انهم لا يستحقون العبادة
This chapter is similar to the chapter that proceeded and in it there is an evidence from the evidences of Tawhid, And in this chapter there is an evidence from the evidences of Tawhid which emphasises and acknowledges that which was mentioned in the previous chapter,which is the impermissibility of shirk.
In the first chapter, it clarifies the lack of ability of the best of the creation on earth ( the prophet ﷺ )
And in this chapter we find the sheikh telling us the lack of ability the best of the creation in the heavens ( the angles of Allah ﷻ). Their inability is evidence that they do not any worship
What does the verse of the chapter title tell us?
Allah ﷻ is telling us the state of the angels when they hear the command of Allah ﷻ ( were they fall unconscious and they tremble out of fear of Allah ﷻ after hearing his command)
What is the point of evidence for these two evidences of the Ayah of surah Saba and the Hadiths that are coming? ( وجه الدلاله )
اذا هذا كان حال الملائكة عند سماع كلام ربهم مع انهم جلقا عظيم قواي و انهم يخافون من ربهم فكيف يتجه احدا إليهم ويدعوهم من دون الله؟
If this is the case of the angles when they what the word of Allah ﷻ even though they are a great creation,and they fear Allah ﷻ, how is it that a person can turn to them and call upon them besides Allah ﷻ?
What is the first Hadith of this chapter?
After Abi Huraira that the prophet ﷺ said ‘ if Allah ﷻ in the heavens commands, the angles would flap their wings in submission to what He said as it were an iron chain … ( when Allah ﷻ decrees something and the angles fall unconscious due to the fear of Allah ﷻ)
What is the second Hadith of this chapter?
Narrated after Al Nawas Bin Seman who said that the prophet ﷺ said ‘ if Allah ﷻ wanted to send the revelation he would command through Revelation, He would command through Revelation’
( This Hadith is Daif but it has the exact same meaning of the Hadith before it )
Chapter 17: intercession
الشفاعة
What is the objective of this chapter? (مقصود الترجمه)
فيه بيان و برهان اخر من براهين التوحيد وهو ملك الله والشفاعه وانها ليست لغيره و اذا كان هو مالكها وجب ان يواحد وخيره لا يشفع عنده الا بإذنه فواجب ان لا يعبد
In it there is a clarification and evidence from the evidences of Tawhid, and that evidence is the fact the Allah ﷻ owns all types of intercession and that it is not for other than Allah ﷻ, And if He is the one that owns all types of intercession, it is obligatory that he is singled out for intercession, and no one else will intercede except with the permission of Allah ﷻ, it is because of that, it is wajib that they are not worshipped
What is the definition of شفاعة? ( intercession )— intercession to do with the affairs of worship
التوسط للغير بجلب منفعة او دفع مضرة
To ask someone on behalf of another person, to bring about some benefit or to remove some harm from that person
What is the most important principle in this chapter?
الشفاعة عبادة و ملك لله فلا تطلب من غيره
Intercession is a type of worship and it belongs to Allah ﷻ , it is not sought from other than Allah ﷻ
Intercession is of two types, what are they?
١. الشفاعة المثبت/ المشروعة-
The intercession that is legislated/ affirmed ( it is the one that is sought from Allah ﷻ )— e.g ‘O Allah make me amongst those who the prophet ﷺ intercedes for
٢. الشفاعة المنفية/المحرمة-
The intercession that has been negated/ impermissible ( it is the one that is sought from other than Allah ﷻ in which that only Allah ﷻ is able to give )
What are the 3 pillars of شفاعة?
١. الشافع-
The intercessor ( the one who is honoured with this intercession )- the prophet ﷺ
٢. المشفوع له-
The one that has been interceded for
٣. المشفوع اليه-
The one that the prophet ﷺ goes to in order to allow him to intercede ( Allah ﷻ )
What are the 2 conditions of الشفاعة
المثبت/ المشروعة
( intercession that is legislated )
١. اذن الله للشافع أن يشفع
The permission of Allah ﷻ is given to the prophet ﷺ to intercede
٢. رضا الله عن المشفوع له
The one who has been interceded for, Allah ﷻ has to be pleased with him ( has to be a person of Tawhid )
The great intercession is given to the prophet ﷺ, this is seen in 3 ways, what are they?
- Allah ﷻ has given the intercession in the day of judgment, not now—therefore now you are asking him for something he doesn’t have
- Even in the day of judgement, the prophet ﷺ will not intercede immediately, rather he will go to Allah ﷻ and he will praise Him ( praise he didn’t know in the dunyah)
- The sahaba did not seek the intercession of the prophet ﷺ and they did not ask him for his intercession after he passed away— if there was any good in it, the sahaba would have proceeded us in it
Those that fear Allah ﷻ, and that they will have no helpers and no one that will intercede for them accept Allah ﷻ, what is the evidence for this?
لَيْسَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِهِۦ وَلِىٌّۭ وَلَا شَفِيعٌۭ لَّعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ
they will have no protector or intercessor besides Him—so perhaps they will be mindful ˹of Him˺.
Surah Al An’am { 6:51 }
What is the second verse mentioned in this chapter?
قُل لِّلَّهِ ٱلشَّفَـٰعَةُ جَمِيعًۭا ۖ
Say, “All intercession belongs to Allah ˹alone
Surah Az Zumar { 39:44 }
What does this verse show?
That intercession is a ibadah and it is not sought from other than Allah ﷻ
What is the third verse mentioned in this chapter ?
مَن ذَا ٱلَّذِى يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُۥٓ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِۦ ۚ
Who could possibly intercede with Him without His permission?
Surah Al Baqarah { 2:255 }
What does this verse show?
فيه شرطا من شفاعة شروط المثبت
In there, is a condition from the conditions of the intercession that is legislated
What is the fourth verse in this chapter?
۞ وَكَم مِّن مَّلَكٍۢ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ لَا تُغْنِى شَفَـٰعَتُهُمْ شَيْـًٔا إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ أَن يَأْذَنَ ٱللَّهُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَرْضَىٰٓ
Imagine˺ how many ˹noble˺ angels are in the heavens! ˹Even˺ their intercession would be of no benefit whatsoever, until Allah gives permission to whoever He wills and ˹only for the people He˺ approves.
Surah An Najm { 53:26 }
What is the significance of this verse?
ذكر الله شرطين من شروط الشفاعة المشروعة :
إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعْدِ أَن يَأْذَنَ ٱللَّهُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيَرْضَىٰٓ
Allah ﷻ mentions two conditions from the intercession that is legislated:
until Allah gives permission to whoever He wills and ˹only for the people He˺ approves
( the that has been interceded for, Allah ﷻ is pleased with him- meaning he is a person of Tawhid )
What is the fifth verse in this chapter?
قُلِ ٱدْعُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِمَا مِن شِرْكٍۢ وَمَا لَهُۥ مِنْهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٍۢ وَلَا تَنفَعُ ٱلشَّفَـٰعَةُ عِندَهُۥٓ
إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ
Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “Call upon those you claim ˹to be divine˺ besides Allah. They do not possess ˹even˺ an atom’s weight either in the heavens or the earth, nor do they have any share in ˹governing˺ them. Nor is any of them a helper to Him.”No intercession will be of any benefit with Him
Surah saba { 34:22-23 }
What is the significance of this verse?
The intercession will not benefit in any way except for the person who Allah ﷻ allows and gives permission to—- it doesn’t belong to anyone other than Allah ﷻ
What did Abu Al Abbas ( sheikh Al Islam Ibn Taymiyah) say about intercession in a few points?
Allah ﷻhas negated everything that the mushrikun hold in to:
1. Allah ﷻ has negated that they have any sort of ownership- لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ
- He does not need their help
- They do not help Allah ﷻ
- Even the intercession does not benefit except for the one Allah ﷻ gives permission to
What is the First/last Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated by Abu Huraira who asked the prophet ﷺ, ‘who is the happiest person with regards to your intercession’?
The prophet ﷺ said:
من فال لا إله إلا الله خالص من قلبه
The one who says ‘ there is none worthy of worship except Allah’ sincerely in his heart and acts according to it
What is the type intercession that the Quran has negated?
It is that which there is shirk
What is the type intercession that the Quran has affirmed ?
That which is sought from Allah ﷻ
What is a good side note with how intercession is mentioned in different books of scholars of Ahlul sunnah wal Jamma3ah?
The scholars mention intercession in the books of Tawhid ( e.g Qawaid Al Arba’a, Kitab al Tawhid and other books ), as a refutation for those that seek the intercession from other than Allah ﷻ ( ie those who fall into shirk )- they are clarifying in these books show that intercession is a form of ibadah and it should only be sought from Allah ﷻ
Intercession mentioned in the books of Aqeedah ( e.g Usool al Sunnah, sharh Al Sunnah, Aqeedat Al Raziyayn ) the scholars mention intercession as a refutation against the Khawarij and Mu’ tazilah- the scholars affirm the intercession of the prophet ﷺ and the righteous servants of this Ummah that fall into major sins ( As-hab Al Kabair ), to prove that those who fall into major sins are Muslims
Chapter 18: the chapter of the falseness of shirk and proving the prophet ﷺ was a prophet-( introduced as a surah )
إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِى مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِٱلْمُهْتَدِينَ
You surely cannot guide whoever you like ˹O Prophet˺, but it is Allah Who guides whoever He wills, and He knows best who are ˹fit to be˺ guided.
Surah Al Qasas { 28:56 }
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
هذا بيان وبرهان اخر من براهين التوحيد وهو ان أعظم الخلق عند الله قدر ( و هو نبيناﷺ) لا يملك هداية من يحب في الدنيا فكيف يملك في الاخرة نفعاعلى وخه الإستقلال
It is another evidence of the evidences of Tawhid. The best of the creation ( which is our prophet ﷺ ) does not have guidance for those that he loves so how can he guide and benefit anyone after his death and the hearafter?
Guidance is of two types, what are they?
- Guidance of the heart in order to accept and act upon the revelation of Allah ﷻ— this person is guided by the will of Allah ﷻ.
(هداية التوفيق والإلهام)
This is the guidance that has been negated from the prophet ﷺ - Guidance of teaching/ calling to the way of Allah ﷻ ( a person advises another person )- a lecture / sermon/ between people/ lesson
What is the point of evidence of the verse?
Allah ﷻ negated from the prophet ﷺthe guidance of those who he loves, so how is it can the prophet ﷺ guide others ? ( he can not)
The prophet is:
رسول لا يكذب وعبدا فلا يعبد
Hé is a messenger and he is not to be disbelieved in and he is a slave/ servant of Allah ﷻ and he is not to be worshipped
The term احببت has been interpreted in two ways by the scholars, what are they?
- That you do not guide those who you love to be guided- The prophet ﷺ wanted Abi Talib to be guided but he can not control that
- That you do not guide whom that you love
What is the first Hadith of the chapter?
It was narrated in the Sahih after ibn Al Museib ( one of the Tabi’in ) after his father,
When Abu Talib was on his death bed, where the prophet ﷺ found Abdullah bin Abi Ummayah and Abu Jahl visiting him, so the prophet ﷺ
Said:
يا عم قل لا إله إلا الله كلمة أحج لك بها عند الله
O Uncle say there is none worthy of worship except Allah, a word I can vouch in your behalf ( asking Allah ﷻ to forgive you )
The two men told him:
أترخب عن ملة عبّد المطلب؟
will you leave/ turn away of the religion of Abd Al Muttalib ( the prophet ﷺ grandfather)
Then the prophet ﷺ told him again and again to say لإ إله إلا الله
Abu Talib then at the end was on the religion of Abdul Muttalib ( Abu Talib’s father )
From this Hadith what two Ayah’s where down?
Then Allah ﷻ sent down these ayah’s:
مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِىِّ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَن يَسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوٓا۟ أُو۟لِى قُرْبَىٰ مِنۢ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْجَحِيمِ
It is not ˹proper˺ for the Prophet and the believers to seek forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were close relatives, after it has become clear to the believers that they are bound for the Hellfire.
Surah Al Tawbah { 9:113 }
إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِى مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ ۚ وَهُوَ
You surely cannot guide whoever you like ˹O Prophet˺, but it is Allah Who guides whoever He wills
Surah Al Qasas { 28:56 }
What does this Hadith show?
Abu Talib was not guided into Al Islam which shows that the prophet ﷺwas only a messenger to us
Chapter 19: The cause of life of the children of Adam and their leaving of the religion is exaggerating over the righteous
ما جاء أن سبب كفر بنى أدم و تركهم دينهم هو الغلو في الصالحين
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان سبب وقوع الناس في الشرك مع ذكر براهين التوحيد وهوا غلو في الصالحين لان الصالح لهو قدر عند الناس و عند الله. و من الناس من يبالخ في حقه و يعذم قدره ختا يقع في عبادة و هاذا النوع هو من اختر انواع الشرك لانه اول شركا وقع في الارض
To show the reasons people fall into shirk ( while mentioning evidences of monotheism ) and it is exaggerated regarding the righteous because they are valued by Allah ﷻ and the people, therefore there are those that will naturally transgress in honouring him and glorifying him to the extent to which they worship him ( the righteous ). This is the most dangerous type of shirk because it is the first type of shirk that appeared among the people
What is the meaning of غلو ( ghulu )?
مجاوزة الحد المأذون فيه
Exceeding the legislated limit/level
What is the first verse of the chapter?
يَـٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ لَا تَغْلُوا۟ فِى دِينِكُمْ وَلَا تَقُولُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلْحَقَّ ۚ إِنَّمَا ٱلْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُۥٓ أَلْقَىٰهَآ إِلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌۭ مِّنْهُ ۖ
O People of the Book! Do not go to extremes regarding your faith; say nothing about Allah except the truth.1 The Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, was no more than a messenger of Allah and the fulfilment of His Word through Mary and a spirit ˹created by a command˺ from Him.
Surah Al Nisa { 4:171 }
What is the connection between the verse and the chapter title?
The sheikh told us in the chapter heading that the reason for the misguidance of Bani Adam is because of the ghulu for the righteous ( Allah ﷻ tells us in the verse to not go into ghulu )
What is the first Hadith of the chapter?
I was narrated in the Sahih after ibn Abbas concerning the verse:
وَقَالُوا۟ لَا تَذَرُنَّ ءَالِهَتَكُمْ وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدًّۭا وَلَا سُوَاعًۭا وَلَا يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْرًۭا
urging ˹their followers˺, ‘Do not abandon your idols—especially Wadd, Suwâ’, Yaghûth, Ya’ûq, and Nasr.’1
Surah Nuh { 71:23 }
He said that these were righteous men among the people of Nuh. When they died, they created pictures/ idols and placed them in their places of worship. Knowledge was forgotten and they started to worship these idols ( righteous people )
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith ?
That Allah ﷻ clarified the situation of the people of Nuh and the fact that they where excessive in praising the righteous people ( by making them into idols ), and that ghulu was a reason for shirk taking place ( that’s shows that ghulu leads to shirk )
What did ibn Al Qayyim say about what happened after one of salaf died?
‘ when they died people clinged to their graves and made images of them, then after time passed on,they worshipped them’
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
It was narrated by Omer that the prophet ﷺ said:
لا تطروني كما أطرت النصارى ابن مريم إنما أنا عبّد فقولوا: عبد الله ورسوله
Do not go overboard in regards to praising me like the Christians that praise the son of Mariam, verily I am only a servant; so say Allah’s servant and his messenger
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith?
That the prophet ﷺ is prohibiting us from being accessible in praising him
What is the connection between this Hadith and the chapter ?
The prophet ﷺ prohibited us from falling into extremes with regard to praising him ( and the chapter title talks about the reason for the ghulu of the righteous)
What is the third Hadith in the chapter?
The prophet ﷺ said:
‘اياكم والغلو؛ فإنما أهلك من كان قبلكم الغلو’
Be aware from the ghulu, for verily ghulu destroyed those who came before you
What is the point of evidence from this Hadith?
نهي عن الغلو بانواعه وان من قبلنا ما اهلكهم الغلو
That is a prohibition from ghulu in all of its types and verily what destroyed them was ghulu
What is the fifth Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated by Muslim after Ibn Masoud that verily the prophet ﷺ said:
‘هلك المتنطعون’
قالها ثلاثا
Ruined are those who insist on hardship in matters of the Faith ( excessive )
( he said it 3 times )
What does التنطع mean?
المبالغة في الكلام بتكلف
To overburden oneself when speaking
What does this Hadith show?
The prophet ﷺ mentions that ghulu is from the reasons of being destroyed
What is the ghulu adhered through in regards to all these evidences?
Actions, statements and beliefs
Chapter 20: detriment to the one that worships Allah at a righteous persons grave so how would it be if he worships that man?
ما جاء من التغليظ فيمن عبد الله عند قبر رجال صالح فكيف إذا عبده؟
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان ابطال عبادة الصالحين فإذا كانت عبادة الله محرم عند قبورهم و ورد فيهم وعيد شديد فكيف إذا عبده ذلك الصالح؟ وبيان انه من وسائل الشرك
Clarifying the falseness of worshiping the righteous so if worshipping Allah ﷻ is not permissible next to their graves, so what if he worships that righteous person? To clarify that it is from the means to commuting shirk
Visiting the graves is of 3 types, what are they?
١. زيارة مشروعة-visiting which is legislated ( that which Muslim goes go to remember the akhira and make dua for the believers )
٢. زيارة بدعية- visiting which is an innovation( when a person goes to the grave yards in order to worship Allah ,believing it has an extra virtue when going there )
٣. زيارة شركية- visiting which is shirk
( making dua for the dead- takes you out the fold of Islam )
What is the first Hadith in the chapter?
It was mentioned in sahih after A’isha that verily umm salma mentioned to the prophet ﷺ something about a church he saw in the land of Habasha. She told him Abdou the pictures and images that were in it, so he ﷺ said:
أولئك إذا مات فيهم الرجل الصالح أو العبد الصالح بنوا على قبره مسجدا، وصوروا فيه تلك الصور؛ أولئك شرار الخلق عند الله
If a righteous man or a righteous servant died among those people, they would build a mosque on his grave and draw pictures after his image. Allah ﷻ considers these people to be the most evil among his creation
What is the connection between the Hadith and the chapter title?
These people where worshipping Allah ﷻ but in these graves and in the chapter title the sheikh will mention evidences which show the dangers of worshipping Allah ﷻ next to the grave of a righteous person
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
When the prophet ﷺ was close to his death ,he would put a garment in his mount and take it off at times. During this situation ( being close to death ), he said :
لعن الله اليهود والنصارى، أتموا قبور أنبيائهم مساجد
May Allah ﷻ curse the Jews and the Christians because they made the graves of their prophets into places of worship
What is the third Hadith in the chapter?
Abu Bakr narrated in which he said that the the prophets are buried where they died:
in relation to the Hadith,
What does it mean to take graves as places as places of worship?
1. الصلاة اليها- praying towards the graves
- الصلاة على القبور -praying over the graves
- بناء المساجد اليها- building mosques ( places of worship ) on top of graves
People who say that the grave of the prophet ﷺ is in mosque, so how can this misconception be answered?
- The grave of the prophet ﷺ is not in that masjid, it’s on the side of the masjid
- It is not a proof from the Quran and the Sunnah ( it is not a form of legislation)—
- The grave was always near the masjid ( was in the house of Aisha which was connected to the masjid ), and the prophet ﷺ was buried where he died so they should not be moved
What is the fourth Hadith in this chapter?
It was narrated after Judub Ben Abdullah. He heard the prophet ﷺ saying:
إني أبرأ إلى الله أن يكون لي منكم خليل، فإن الله قد اتخذني خليلا كما اتخذ إبراهيم خليلا. ولو كنت متخذا من أمتي خليلا لاتخذت أبا بكر خليلا. ألا وإن من كان قبلكم كانوا يتخذون قبور أنبيائهم مساجد؛ ألا فلا تتخذوا القبور مساجد، فإني
أنهاكم عن ذلك
I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) five days before his death and he said: I stand acquitted before Allah that I took any one of you as friend, for Allah has taken me as His friend, as he took Ibrahim as His friend. Had I taken any one of my Ummah as a friend, I would have taken Abu Bakr as a friend. Beware of those who preceded you and used to take the graves of their prophets and righteous men as places of worship, but you must not take graves as mosques; I forbid you to do that.
In this Hadith there is 3 points that tell us how the prophet ﷺ warned against building mosques on top of graves/ next to graves, what are they?
- He’s telling us about them in order to avoid it:
ألا وإن من كان قبلكم كانوا يتخذون قبور أنبيائهم مساجد
Beware of those who preceded you and used to take the graves of their prophets and righteous men as places of worship - The prophet ﷺ said:
فلا تتخذوا القبور مساجد
you must not take graves as mosques ( places of worship ) - The prophet ﷺ said:
فإني أنهاكم عن ذلك
I forbid you to do that
What is an important note that the sheikh says in this chapter?
وكل موضع صدت الصلاة فيه فقد اتخذ مسجد
Every place that a person goes to pray, then it has been taken as a masjid ( rather every place that you are able to pray is a masjid )
What is the fifth Hadith of the chapter?
Imam Ahmad mentioning in an authentic Hadith about ibn Masoud:
إن من شرار الناس من تدركهم الساعة وهم أحياء،
والذين يتخذون القبور مساجد
The most of evil of the people are those who are alive at the time of the hour and those that take the graves as mosques ( places of worship)
What is the point of evidence in this Hadith?
That the prophet ﷺ said that the most evil of the people are those that take graves as places of worship
Chapter 21: what is mentioned concerning exaggeration about the righteous peoples graves, turning them into idols worshiped other than Allah ﷻ
ما جاء ان الغلو في قبور الصالحين يصيرها أو ثانا تعبد من دون الله
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان ان الغلو في قبور الصالحين واتخاذها مساجد أو عكوفي اليها أو بل صلاة عندها يجعلها اوثانا تعبد من دون الله و فيه بيان ان هاذا من اسباب الشرك
To clarify that going over board in the graves of those that are righteous and taking these graves as places of worship and remaining their for long periods of time or praying in it or towards it, makes them idols that are worshiped instead of Allah ﷻ. It is also a clarification that this is one of the causes of shirk
What is the meaning of وثن ( Wathan )?
اسما جامعا لكل ما يعبد من دون الله
A comprehensive name of word that for everything that is worshiped besides Allah ﷻ
Mentioned in a Hadith, What was the dua that the prophet ﷺ made regarding his grave?
اللهم لا تجعل قبري وثنا يُعبد. اشتد غضب الله على قوم اتخذوا قبور أنبيائهم مساجد
O Allah, do not make my grave an idol that is worshiped. Allah’s wrath was intense upon a people who took the graves of their prophets as places of worship.”
In this Hadith, the prophet ﷺ mentions two things , what are they?
- He made dua to Allah ﷻ, that He doesn’t make his grave a place of worship— there is a prohibition from taking the grave of the prophet ﷺ as a place of worship
- That anger of Allah ﷻ is severe upon those who take the graves of their prophets as places of worship
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Ibn Abbas:
(regarding His Statement about the Lat and the Uzza: Lat was originally a man who used to mix Sawiq for the pilgrim.
أَفَرَءَيْتُمُ ٱللَّـٰتَ وَٱلْعُزَّىٰ
Now, have you considered ˹the idols of˺ Lât and ’Uzza,
Surah An Najm { 53:19 }
What is Sawiq ( السويق )?
A flour ( used in making porridge )
What is the point of evidence in this Hadith?
The fact the man was righteous caused people to go overboard in glorifying him and remaining at his grave and taking it as a place of worship
What is the third Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated by Abdullah ibn Abbas:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed women who visit graves, those who built mosques over them and those who lighten up the graves
Grade: Da’if (Al-Albani)
This Hadith mentions 3 things, what are they?
- The fact that the prophet ﷺ cursed those who visit the graves in a way that contradicts the sharia of Allah ﷻ ( but there is also a difference of opinion if women are allowed to visit graves )
- The prophet ﷺ saying that taking graves as places of worship will lead it to be worshiped besides Allah ﷻ
- The prophet ﷺ prohibited us from lighting up the graves ( this part of the hadith is not authentic but other evidences point towards the fact that it is impermissible to beauty graves and the fact that is should levelled or off the ground by a little just so a person knows they are graves )
What is the ruling for women following the janazah?
It is not permissible for the women to follow the janazah on day but they can visit afterwards ( some of the female companions of the prophet ﷺ mentioned that they where prohibited from doing so )
Chapter 22: what is mentioned concerning the prophet ﷺ’s protecting Al Mustafa, protecting Tawhid and blocking all ways to polytheism
ما جاء في حماية المصطفى ﷺ جناب التوحيد وسده كل طريق يوصل إلى الشرك
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
إظهار حماية النبي لمقام التوحيد من كل ما ينقده و ينقصه و انه سد الذراءع المفدية
Presenting and demonstrating the protection of the prophet ﷺ for the position of Tawhid from everything that can destroy it or that can decrease it and the prophet ﷺ closed of all of the means that lead shirk
Why did the the sheikh mention the prophet ﷺ although this is found in the Quran?
- The prophet ﷺ was the first person from this ummah to do so
- That many of the people who go overboard in praising the prophet ﷺ and worship him, therefore this chapter is a refutation to them
What is the first verse in this chapter?
لَقَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولٌۭ مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيْهِ مَا عَنِتُّمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَيْكُم بِٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَءُوفٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ
There certainly has come to you a messenger from among yourselves. He is concerned by your suffering, anxious for your well-being, and gracious and merciful to the believers.
Surah Tawbah { 9:128 }
What is the point of evidence in this verse?
يلزم من وصف النبي بهذه الصفات انه حم لأمته التوحيد وابعدهم عن الترق الموصلة إلى الشرك و ذالك لحرس على هدايتم و شفقته عليهم
It necessities the fact the prophet ﷺ has been given these great attributes means that he protected the boundaries of Tawhid and everything that can lead to shirk, and that was due to his eagerness for our guidance and his mercy upon us
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated AbuHurayrah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Do not make your homes into graves 1), and do not make my grave a place of festivity 2). And send peace and blessings upon me, for your peace blessings reach me wherever you may be.3)
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith?
We can see the prohibition from different angels and the connection between the chapter and the Hadith and how he protected the boundaries of Tawhid:
1) he prohibited us from making our homes into graveyards
2) he prohibited making his graveyard a place of Eid
3) The prophet ﷺ said to send peace and salutations wherever you are
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
It was narrated by Ali ibn Al Hussein
He saw a man come to the opening at the grave of the prophet ﷺ. He entered through and Ali forbade him and said: should I narrate to you a Hadith I hearfrom my father, from my grandfather from the messager ﷺ:
لا تتخذوا قبري عيداً، ولا بيوتكم قبوراً، وصلوا علي؛ فإن تسليمكم يبلغني أين كنتم
Do not take my grave as a place of celebration nor your houses as graves, say peace and blessings upon me surely your greetings will reach me wherever you are
Chapter 23: what was mentioned concerning: verily some of this nation worship pagans
ما خاء أن بعض هاذه الأمة يعبد الأوثان
What was the sheikhs purpose of the chapter?
A doubt that was presented at the time of his time ( sheikh ibn Abd Al Wahab )
Ummah is of two types, what are they?
١. أمة الدعوه-
The ummah of the prophet ﷺ, whether they are Muslim or non Muslim
٢. أمة الإجابة-
The ummah that accepted the message of the prophet ﷺ ( those who accepted Islam )
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
فيه اثبات وبيان أن الشرك سيقع في هذه الأمه و رد على من يمكر ذالك و فيه تحذير من الشرك وتنبيه على الخوف منه
Clarifying and affirming that shirk will happen in this ummah and in this chapter there is a refutation to those that deny it. In this chapter ,there is a warning against shirk and the importance of fearing it
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Abu Sa`id:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “You will follow the wrong ways, of your predecessors literally, so much so that if they entered into the hole of a lizard , you too will go there.” We said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! Do you mean the Jews and the Christians?” He replied, “Whom else?” (Meaning, of course, the Jews and the Christians.)
لَتَتَّبِعُنَّ سَنَنَ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ شِبْرًا بِشِبْرٍ، وَذِرَاعًا بِذِرَاعٍ، حَتَّى لَوْ سَلَكُوا جُحْرَ ضَبٍّ لَسَلَكْتُمُوهُ
قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى قَالَ ” فَمَنْ
Sahih Bukhari ( 3456 )
What are two important points of this Hadith?
- The prophet ﷺ is telling us no matter what you will, you will follow the people before us
- The Hadith tells us to not imitate the way of those that came before us
What is the first verse in this chapter?
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ نَصِيبًۭا مِّنَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْجِبْتِ وَٱلطَّـٰغُوتِ
Have you ˹O Prophet˺ not seen those who were given a portion of the Scriptures yet believe in idols and false gods
Surah An Nisa { 4:51 }
What is the meaning of الجبت ?
اسم عام لكل ما فيه مخالفة لأمر الله وأمر الرسول في الأعتقاد
A general name that consists of every contradiction of the command of Allah ﷻ and the prophet ﷺ in Aqeedah
What is the meaning of الطاغوت?
كل من تجاوز به العبد حده من معبود او متبوع او مطاعا
Anything that a servant exaggerates and goes overboard in, whether it is something that is worshiped or followed or obeyed in the religion of Allah ﷻ
What is a good point in this chapter?
From the Quraysh, there where those that believed in الجبت and الطاغوت— meaning the things that contradicted the teachings of prophet ﷺ
What does this verse tell us?
That if that was found in the previous nations then it will also be found in this nation ( you won’t understand the verse until you u understand the Hadith ( the first Hadith of the chapter- sheikh Uthaymeen )
What is the second verse in this chapter?
قُلْ هَلْ أُنَبِّئُكُم بِشَرٍّۢ مِّن ذَٰلِكَ مَثُوبَةً عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ مَن لَّعَنَهُ ٱللَّهُ وَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلَ مِنْهُمُ ٱلْقِرَدَةَ وَٱلْخَنَازِيرَ وَعَبَدَ ٱلطَّـٰغُوتَ ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ شَرٌّۭ مَّكَانًۭا وَأَضَلُّ عَن سَوَآءِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ
Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “Shall I inform you of those who deserve a worse punishment from Allah ˹than the rebellious˺? It is those who earned Allah’s condemnation and displeasure—some being reduced to apes and pigs1 and worshippers of false gods. These are far worse in rank and farther astray from the Right Way.”
Surah Al Ma’idah { 5:60 }
What is the point of evidence of this verse?
فإذا كان في اهل الكتاب من عبد الطاغوت فلابد ان يجد في هاذه الامة من يفعل فعلهم
If you find in the people of the book who worshiped الطاغوت ( Al Taghut ), then there will inevitably be someone is this ummah who will do what they did
What is the third verse in this chapter?
قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ غَلَبُوا۟ عَلَىٰٓ أَمْرِهِمْ لَنَتَّخِذَنَّ عَلَيْهِم مَّسْجِدًۭا
Those who prevailed in the matter said, “We will surely build a place of worship over them.”
Surah Al Kahf { 18:21 }
What does the verse show?
The verse shows that the prophet ﷺ said that there where those that preceded us and they would build places of worship on graves, and this lead to shirk. So if it was found in them then it will be found in this nation
What is the third Hadith in this chapter?
Thauban reported that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said:
I am afraid about my community of those leaders who will lead astray. When the sword is used among my people, it will not be withdrawn from them till the Day of Resurrection, and the Last Hour will not come before the tribes of my people attach themselves to the polytheists and tribes of my people worship idols. There will be among my people thirty great liars each of them asserting that he is (Allah’s) prophet, where as I am the seal of the Prophet s after whom (me) there will be no prophet ; and a section of my people will continue to hold to the truth “and will not be injured by those who oppose them, till Allah’s command comes.”
Abi Dawoud ( 4252 )
What is the prophet ﷺ is telling us?
That the hour will not be established until a group of people worship other than Allah ﷻ
What is another Hadith linked to this ?
Thauban reported that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said:
Allah drew the ends of the world near one another for my sake. And I have seen its eastern and western ends. And the dominion of my Ummah would reach those ends which have been drawn near me and I have been granted the red and the white treasure and I begged my Lord for my Ummah that it should not be destroyed because of famine, nor be dominated by an enemy who is not amongst them to take their lives and destroy them root and branch, and my Lord said: Muhammad, whenever I make a decision, there is none to change it. I grant you for your Ummah that it would not be destroyed by famine and it would not be dominated by an enemy who would not be amongst it and would take their lives and destroy them root and branch even if all the people from the different parts of the world join hands together (for this purpose), but it would be from amongst them, viz. your Ummah, that some people would kill the others or imprison the others.
Chapter 24: what is mentioned about magic/ sorcery ( Al Sihr )
ما جاء في السحر
What is the definition of sihr linguistically and the terminology from the people of knowledge?
Linguistically:
ما خفي ولطف سببه
That which is hidden and its reason is unknown
Definition:
عزاءم ورقى وعقد يستعملها الساحر مع الإستعانة بالشياطين تؤثر في القلوب والابدان
Spells, incantations and knots used by magicians with the help of the shayateen, so that it effects the heart and the bodies
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان ما جاء في السحر من الوعيد و رونافته للتوحيد اذ لا يتات السحر بدون الشرك
Clarifying that which has been narrated with regards to sihr in that which is a severe threat for the one who does it and the fact that he negates Tawhid, as magic cannot be achieved Withought shirk
What is a good rule regarding this chapter about sihr?
السحر في حقيقة الشرعية لا يكون الا شركا اكبر
The reality of sihr according to the sharia is major shirk
Sihr is of two types when we are looking at the ruling , what are they?
١. سحر يكفر صاحبه به -
A sihr that if a person falls into it, they become a kafir
٢. سحر يكون وسيلة إلى الشرك -
A sihr that if a person falls into it, can lead to falling into shirk
What is the first verse mentioned in this chapter? ( 3 parts within the verse )
وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَآ إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌۭ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ ۖ
The two angels never taught anyone without saying, “We are only a test ˹for you˺, so do not abandon ˹your˺ faith.”
وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَـٰنُ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلشَّيَـٰطِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ يُعَلِّمُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ ٱلسِّحْرَ
Never did Sulayman disbelieve, rather the devils disbelieved
مَا لَهُۥ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَـٰقٍۢ ۚ
although they already knew that whoever buys into magic would have no share in the Hereafter
Surah Al Baqarah { 2:102 }
What is the point of evidence of this verse ( 3 points )?
. That Allah ﷻ freed Sulayman into falling into disbelief and that the shaytateen fell until disbelief because they taught sihr
. The shayateen will say that they should not disbelieve and that are fitnah ( that if you learn sihr you fall into disbelief)
. Khalaq ( meaning that they will not have share of the Akhira, and those who will not have a share of the Akhira are kufar )
What is the ruling of the Sahih if they fall into sihr that which they use the aid of the shayateen?
The have fallen into disbelief ( kufr ) and they are to be killed, as they apostate from the religion of Islam ( the one who carried this out is the leader NOT the common people )
Sihr is of two types when regarding the effect it has on the people, what are they?
١. سحر تخيلي -
Magic which is illusionary
٢. سحر حقيقي -
Magic which is real ( that which effects the bodies and the hearts )
What the three points regarding the Magic that was done in the prophet ﷺ, what are they?
- The sihr that was performed on the prophet ﷺ was only to do with his body and limbs ( did harm his mind or his heart )
- That sihr did not have an affect on the revelation of Allah ﷻ
- It effected the prophet ﷺ and it was like a normal illness
What is the second verse mentioned in this chapter?
يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْجِبْتِ وَٱلطَّـٰغُوتِ
believe in idols and false gods
Surah Al Nisa { 4:51 }
What did Umar say regarding the meaning of الجبت and الطاغوت ?
الجبت: السحر والطاغوت: الشيطان
Al gibt: sihr and Al taghut: Al shaytan
What did Umar رظى الله عنه give an example of?
تفسير شيء ببعض أفراده
To explain something by using some of things that come under it
What did Jabir say about the tawagheet?
الطواغيت: كهان كان ينزل عليهم الشيطان في كل حي واحد
Fortune tellers that the shaytan comes to and gives him information ( At times of jahiliya,in every tribe, there would have their own fortune tellers )
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Avoid the seven great destructive sins.” The people enquire, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! What are they? “He said, “To join others in worship along with Allah, to practice sorcery, to kill the life which Allah has forbidden except for a just cause, (according to Islamic law), to eat up Riba (usury), to eat up an orphan’s wealth, to give back to the enemy and fleeing from the battlefield at the time of fighting, and to accuse, chaste women, who never even think of anything touching chastity and are good believers.
What did the prophet ﷺ say regarding the sihr in this hadith?
He mentioned that sihr is from the destructive sins that destroy a person, and everything that destroys a person is haram ( what is referred to in this Hadith is the haram of shirk )
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
The narration that has been lifted to the prophet ﷺ:
Said Jundub ibn Ka’ab:
حد الساحر ضربة بالسيف
The punishment of the sahir is to strike him with the sword ( to kill him )
What is the third Hadith in this chapter ?
Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab:
Amr ibn Aws and AbulSha’tha’ reported that Bujalah said:
A letter came to us from Umar one year before his death, saying: Kill every magician, separate the relatives of prohibited degrees from the Magians, and forbid them to murmur (before eating). So we killed three magicians in one day
Sahih Bukhari { 3043 }
What does this Hadith show?
That Umar sent a letter to the companions in which they agreed with him, this means by ijma3 upon the companions that it is permissible that those who commit sihr are to be killed
What is the fourth Hadith in this chapter?
That Hafsa ordered ( Umar ( her father) ) killing a servant who performed magic on her so she was killed - the same was narrated after Jundob
Chapter 25: showing some kind of sihr ( magic/sorcery )
بيان شيء من أنواع السحر
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter? (مقصود الترجمة )
بيان اشياء يشملها إسم السحر لغة و منها ما ليس من السحر المعهود و سمية سحرا لأنها تشبه السحر المعهود من حيث الخفاء
Clarifying the things that come under the general name of sihr ( but it is not from the sihr mentioned from the previous chapter ) and it is not from the sihr that is the norm or recognised in the sharia, they are called sir because they resemble the usual sihr in the fact that it is hidden
Graded Daif by Al Albani
Abu Dawoud 3907
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Qabisah:
I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say:
الْعِيَافَةُ وَالطِّيَرَةُ وَالطَّرْقُ مِنَ الْجِبْتِ
Augury from the flight of birds, taking evil omens and the practice of pressomancy pertain to divination.
What is the meaning of الْعِيَافَةُ ( Iyafah )?
Freeing birds and to foretell events based on what direction they will go
What is the meaning of الطَّرْقُ ( Tarq )?
Drawing lines on the sand to predict future events
What is the meaning of الطِّيَرَةُ ( tayirah )?
To take something as a bad omen
What is the meaning of الجبت?
كل باطل من قول أو فعل أو اعتقاد
Everything that is false whether it is a statement or a belief or an action
الْعِيَافَةُ وَالطِّيَرَةُ وَالطَّرْقُwhat are
All examples of ?
الجبت
What did Hassan رظي الله عنهsay about الجبت ?
ر نة الشيطان
The sound of shaytan
What does this Hadith show?
The Hadith mentions 3 things and described them to be الجبت ( a form of sihr )
What is the second Hadith in this chapter ?
Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: If anyone acquires any knowledge of astrology, verily he has learnt a portion of sihr, and the more he learns the more sihr he has learned
Abi Dawoud 3905
What is the point of evidence in this Hadith?
فيه بيان ان التنجيم من شعب السحر لوجود تأثير خفي و ألإدعاء علم الغيب
The Hadith shows that astrology ( when a person looks at the stars and foretells the future ) is a type of shirk because it is hidden and it claims knowledge of the unseen ( in reality only Allah ﷻ knows the unseen )
What is the meaning of تنجيم ?
طلب علم المغيبات بالإستدلال بالنجوم
Seeking knowledge of the unseen by inferring from the stars
What is the third Hadith in this Hadith?
It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said:
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Whoever ties a knot and blows into it ,he has practiced magic; and whoever practices magic, he has committed Shirk; and whoever hangs up something (as an amulet) will be entrusted to it.( whoever connects himself to something, then Allah ﷻ will leave that thing to help him)
Grades Daif by Al Albani ( but the meaning is Sahih )
an-Nasa’i 4079
What is the point of evidence from this Hadith?
That the prophet ﷺ mentioned that whoever ties knots and blows into it , then that is a type of sihr ( the sihr of seeking the help from the shayateen)
What did the prophet ﷺ say to the companions about slandering?
The prophet ﷺ said:
“Shall I tell you what ‘Al-‘Adhu’ (falsehood and slandering) is?
هي النَّمِيمَةُ القالَةُ بيْنَ النَّاس
It is spreading lies between people
What does the Hadith show?
الحديث يدل أن النميمة نوع من السحر شراكهما في الخفاء و الإفساد
The Hadith shows that Namimah is a type of sihr because they are both hidden and cause corruption
What is the fourth Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
Prophet (ﷺ) said, “eloquency is a type of sihr .”
إِنَّ مِنَ الْبَيَانِ لَسِحْرً
What does this Hadith show?
A person in eloquence in speech can result in a person lying and may be oppressing someone ( this is where eloquence resembles sihr )
Chapter 26: what is said about fortune tellers and their likes
ما جاء في الكهان ونحوهم
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter?( مقصود الترجمة )
بيان ما جاء في حق مدعي معرفة الغيب من الوعيد الشديد ومن يذهب إليهم وسألهم
To clarify the ruling on the one that claims to know the unseen and the one that goes to them and asks them
What is the connection between this chapter to those before it?
This chapter talks about the fortune tells and the last chapter talked about sihr ( they have things that are in common and things that are different)
What do fortune tellers and magicians ( people who do sihr ) have in common?
. They both to claim to know the unseen
. They use shayateen to help them and the shayateen won’t help them unless the disbelieve in Allah ﷻ
. كافران خارجان على المله
( both kufar and have disbelieved in the religion of Allah ﷻ)
What do fortune tellers and magicians ( people who do sihr ) have differently?
. The fortune teller would only tell what would/ wouldn’t happen in the future and will not go out of their way to help this person
. The magician will take part in helping this person ( doing knots for them and harm another person )
What is the meaning of العراف ? ( same meaning as الكاهن ) fortune teller
يخبر عن الغائب في الماضي أى الأشياء الضائعه بلقدمات
Some who tells you that which has happened I.e someone who lost something
What is a good ruling in this chapter?
كل من ادعى معرفة علم الغيب فهو كاهن مشرك شرك اكبر
Anyone who claims to know the unseen is a mushrikun and has committed major shirk
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
About the wives of the prophet ﷺ that the prophet ﷺ said:
من أتى عرافا فسأله عن شيء فصدقه لم تقبل له صلاة أربعين يوما
Whoever goes to a fortune teller, and he asks him and he believes him, his prayer will not be accepted for 40 days
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
About Abu Huraiyra that the prophet ﷺ said:
من أتى كاهنا فصدقه بما يقول فقد كفر بما أُنزل على محمد ﷺ
Whoever goes to a fortune teller and he believes him in that which he says, he has disbelieved in that which has been revealed to Muhammad ﷺ
The one that goes to a fortune teller is one of 3 types, what are they?
١. ان يذهب اليه ثم يسأله من باب الفضول والاستطلاع-
To go to him and asks him out of curiosity and to see what it’s all about ( the first Hadith applies to this individual- where his prayers will not accepted for 40 days )— he still has to pray but there is no reward and he does not need to repeat it again
٢. ان يذهب اليه ثم يسأله من باب الفضول والاستطلاع
To go to him, ask him and believe in him ( he has disbelieved in what Allah ﷻ has revealed upon him )
٣. To go to him, asks him but tests him to expose him ( that is permissible ) and comes under enjoining the good and forbidding the evil
What is the third Hadith in this chapter?
Imran ibn Husayn reported: The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ said:
ليس منا من تطير أو تطير له أو تكهن أو تكهن له أو
سحر أو سحر له
“He is not one of us who reads omens or has them read for him, or who performs soothsaying or has it performed for him, or who practices magic or has it practiced for him.”
What does the term ليس منا show in this Hadith?
It shows it is a major sin ( the things mentioned in this Hadith are major sins )
What did imam Al Baghawi say regarding العراف ( Al Araf )? ( sidekick)
الذي يدعي معروفة اللأمور بمقدمات يستدل بها على المسروق ومكان الضالة ونحو ذالك
The one that claims to know things with signs for example things that have been lost or stolen
What did imam Al Baghawi say regarding الكاهن ( Al Kahin )? ( fortune teller )
هو الذي يخبر عن المغيبات في المستقبل
The one who informs about the things that shall take place in the future
What did sheikh Al Islam Ibn Taymiyyah say regarding fortune tellers and sidekicks? ( الكامن و العراف )
العراف إسم للكاهن و المنجم والرمال و نحوهم و نحن يتكلم في معرفة الأمور بهذه الطرق
Araf is a name for the kahin ( fortune teller) and the one who uses astrology and the one who draws lines on the floor claiming to know that which will happen and the likes of them
What is the fourth Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated by ibn Abbas- about a people who wrote ( Alphabets ) and observe the stars-
في قوم يكتبون أبا جاد و ينظرون في النجوم - ما أرى من فعل ذالك له عند الله من خلاق
I do not think he who did do will have a recompense from Allah ﷻ
What is أبا جاد ?
The Arabic alphabets and is used for different things
أبا جاد is used for different things and is of two types
What are they?
- A type which is permissible- a person who uses it to learn maths for which every letter stands for a number or to find out the date
- A type which is impressible- a person uses it to claim the unseen,then that is haram ( ibn Abbas is talking about this type in the previous Hadith )
Chapter 27: what is mentioned about Al Nushra ( curing magic )
ما جاء في النشرة
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter?( مقصود الترجمة )
بيان حكم النشرة
Clarifying the meaning and ruling of Al Nushra
What is the meaning of النشرة linguistically and according to the sharia ?
Linguistically:
الكشف والإزالة و الرفع
Détection, removal and lifting
Définition:
حل السحر من المسحور بسحر او بالإستعانة بالشياطين
Removing sihr from the one it has been performed on- using sihr or with the aid of the shayateen
What is the connection between this chapter and kitab al Tawhid?
Removing sihr ( magic ) with sihr ( magic ) negates one’s Tawhid
What is the first Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about a charm for one who is possessed (nashrah). He replied:
هي من عمل الشيطان
It is the work of the devi ( shaytan )
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith?
جعل النبي النشرة المعهودة من عمل الشيطان حيث اسند إليه النشرة و هاذا داليل على تحريمها
The prophet ﷺ in talking about Nushra that was known ( removing magic with magic ), which is from the actions of the shaytan, so it shows that it is haram
النشرة ( removing sihr )
Is of two types, what are they ?
- A type that is legislated/ permissible- removing sihr with dua and Ruqya ( drinking zam zam water )
- A type that is not legislated/ impermissible- removing sihr with sihr
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
It was mentioned my Bukhari After Kutadah: I told ibn Al Musayeb about man afflicted by magic or separated from his woman, I said : “is it to be remove from him?”
He said: “ there is no harm in it verily they only want rectification, as for that which benefits has not been prohibited “
What does this Hadith show?
It is permissible to remove sihr using legislated means
What did Hasn Al Basri say about sihr?
“لا يحل السحر إلا ساحر”
Only the magician removes sihr
How can you stay away from sihr?
. Read the Duas that the prophet ﷺ has taught us ( morning and afternoon duas/ athkar )
. Make dua to Allah ﷻ that He protects you from it
. Staying away from things that will cause evil eye ( I.e picture of their children in social media )
Why is is it not permissible to remove sihr using sihr at times of necessity?
That a necessity is to preserve life ( in Islam there is 5 ( to preserve deen, intellect, wealth, marriage and life ) ) , so by doing sihr, you loose your deen which you will not preserve
Chapter 28: what is said about omens
ما جاء في التطير
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter?( مقصود الترجمة )?
بيان حكم التطير وأنه من الشرك
To clarify the ruling of seeking bad omens in something and that it is from shirk
What is the meaning of التطير ?
التشاؤم بمسموع أو مرئي أو معلوم أو زمان أو مكان
To have a bad omen of something that is heard or seen or known or a specific time or specific place
What is the ruling of التطير?
هو شرك اصغر في اصله لانه جعل ما ليس بسبب سببا
و يكون شرك اكبر إذا اعتقد انها تستقل في جلب الخير و دفع الشر
It is minor shirk in its origin, because it makes something a means that is not a means
It would be major shirk if one believes that things happen/ don’t happen because of the bad omen
What is the first verse in this chapter?
فَإِذَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْحَسَنَةُ قَالُوا۟ لَنَا هَـٰذِهِۦ ۖ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌۭ يَطَّيَّرُوا۟ بِمُوسَىٰ وَمَن مَّعَهُۥٓ أَلَآ إِنَّمَا طَـٰٓئِرُهُمْ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُون
In times of prosperity, they said, “This is what we deserve,” but in adversity, they blamed it on Moses and those with him.1 Surely all is destined by Allah. Yet most of them did not know.
Surah Al A’raf { 7:131 }
What does this verse show?
Any hardship that comes to them or difficulty, it is from Allah ﷻ rather Musa is reason for goodness and Barakah
What is the second verse in this chapter?
قَالُوا۟ طَـٰٓئِرُكُم مَّعَكُمْ ۚ أَئِن ذُكِّرْتُم ۚ بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌۭ مُّسْرِفُونَ
The messengers said, “Your bad omen lies within yourselves. Are you saying this because you are reminded ˹of the truth˺? In fact, you are a transgressing people.”
Surah Yasin { 36:19 }
What does this verse and the previous verse show?
The verse shows that seeking bad omens is from the actions of the people of the book and Mushrikeen and Allah ﷻ rebuked them and made them blameworthy ( this shows that this is a sin )—- this is an evidence that التطير is impermissible
What is the first Hadith in the chapter?
Narrated by Abu Huraira:
Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, ‘There is no ‘Adwa (no illness is that goes from the sick to the healthy without Allah’s permission), nor Safar, nor Hama ( owl )’
And Sahih Muslim added
و لا نوء ولا غول
What does و لا نوء ولا غول mean?
و لا نوء
This means there is no affect on astrology ( e.g star being born has no effect in what happens )
و لا غول
غول is a type of jinn
( it comes in your path and causes you to go to the wrong direction )
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “No ‘Adwa nor Tayra; but I like Fal.” They said, “What is the Fal?” He said, “A good word.” ( الكلمة الطيبة )
What is the difference between الفأل ( Al Fal ) and الطيرة ( Al Tayara )
الفأل
It is having good thoughts of Allah ﷻ ( it has no effect on whether a person does or refrains from something )
الطيرة
It is having bad thoughts of Allah ﷻ ( it is has an affect whether you do the act or refrain from it )
What is the third Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Urwah ibn Amir al-Qurashi:
When taking omens was mentioned in the presence of the Prophet (ﷺ), he said: The best type is the good omen, and it does not turn back a Muslim. If one of you sees anything he dislikes, he should say:
اللَّهُمَّ لاَ يَأْتِي بِالْحَسَنَاتِ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ وَلاَ يَدْفَعُ السَّيِّئَاتِ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ وَلاَ حَوْلَ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلاَّ بِكَ
O Allah, no one brings good things except Thee, and no one averts evil things except Thee and there is no might and power but in Allah.
( this Hadith daif but the meaning is found in the the Hadith before it and it is found in the Quran and the Sunnah)
What is the fourth Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas’ud:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
الطِّيَرَةُ شِرْكٌ الطِّيَرَةُ شِرْكٌ
Taking omens is polytheism; taking omens is polytheism. He said it three times. Every one of us has some, but Allah removes it by trust (in Him).
What does this Hadith show?
That bad omens are shirk
What is the fifth Hadith in this chapter?
Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Whoever turns back from something due to seeing an omen, he has committed idolatry.” They said, “O Messenger of Allah, what is the expiation for that?” The Prophet said, “That he says: O Allah, there is no good but Your good, no omen but Your omen, there is no God besides You.”
What is the sixth Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated by Al Fadl Bin Abbas that the prophet ﷺ said:
إِنَّمَا الطِّيَرَةُ مَا أَمْضَاكَ أَوْ رَدَّكَ
Verily, the omen is only what takes you forward ( from what you are going to do ) or turns you back ( from what you are going to do ).”
( this Hadith daif but the meaning is found in the the Hadith before it and it is found in the Quran and the Sunnah)
Chapter 29: what is said about astronomy or astrology
ما جاء في التنجيم
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter?( مقصود الترجمة )?
بيان حكم التنجيم
To clarify the ruling on astrology
What is the definition of التنجيم ?
النضر في النجوم للإستدلال بها على التيسير أو التأثير
Looking at the stars to use them as evidences to what direction to go or to connect that which takes place
التنجيم is of two types
What is the first ?
١. علم التسيير-
الإستدلال بالنجوم على معرفة الجهات و الأحوال والأوقات- to look at these stars and use them as a form of guidance to know directions ( this is permissible )
Surah Nahl verse 63 ( evidence )
التنجيم is of two types
What is the second?
٢. علم التأثير-
- ان يعتقد ان النجوم مؤثرة و موجودة للخير والشر بنفسها
To believe that the stars themselves have an effect in what goes on-in the universe and they are the ones that bring about goodness or remove harm ( this is major shirk ) - أن يستدل بالنجوم على معرفة علم الغيب
To use the stars to as a means to know the unseen ( this is kufr ) - أن يعتقد أن النجوم سبب لحصول الخير أو الشر
To believe that the stars are a means for good and evil to happen (but Allah ﷻ is the One the brings the good and evil )—- ( this is minor shirk )
The first Hadith in this chapter talks about why Allah ﷻ created the stars, and that is for 3 reason, what are they ?
١. زينة للسماء -
Beautification for the stars
٢. ورجوما للشياطين -
They are missiles for the shayateen
٣. و علامات يعتدى بها
And they are signs that people use as guidance
( narrated by Qatada )
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith?
Qatada nullifies that these stars have say in what goes on because he has limited the wisdom of it being created to 3 things: the fact that it is created for beautification, a missile for the shayateen and that it’s is used for signs
What is the ruling of learning the lunar fazes and what did Qatada say about it?
Qatanah disliked it because it may be a pathway to shirk
There is a difference of opinion whether learning the lunar fazes is permissible, some scholars believe it’s permissble, what is an example of this ?
Imam Ahmad and Ishaq say it’s permissible so that people use as a means of guidance
What is the point of evidence of the difference of opinion on this ruling?
If the salaf say it’s not permissible to learn those things that are normally permissible, just to close off the means to evil/ shirk,
Then that it’s more befitting to say that astrology is haram
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated by Abi Musa that the prophet ﷺ said: three will not enter into Jannah: the person who constantly drinks alcohol, and the person who cuts off family ties and the one who believes in sihr
Musnad Ahmad ( 19461 ) Daif ( but the meaning of it is Sahih )
Chapter 30: what is said about asking for rain from the stars
ما جاء في الاستقاء بالأنواء
What is the objective/ meaning of the chapter?( مقصود الترجمة )?
بيان حكم نسبة الأستسقاء من الأنواء
To clarify the ruling on attributing rain to the stars
What is الأنواء?
The stars
What does إستسقاء بالأنواء mean?
نسبة السقيا إلى الأنواء
To attribute the sending down of the rain to the stars
What is the connection between this chapter and kitab al Tawhid?
That a person attributing the rain from the stars shows a deficiency in one’s Tawhid
What is the first verse in this chapter?
وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تُكَذِّبُونَ
and repay ˹Allah for˺ your provisions with denial?
Surah Al Waqi’ah { 56:82 }
What is the point of evidence of this verse?
انكر الله على من نسب المطر إلى الأنواء أو إلى غيرة و سم الله فعلهم تكذيبا و هاذا دليل على تحريم نسبة المطر على الأنواء
Allah ﷻ rebuked the muskhrun for Attributing to the rain to other than Allah ﷻ, and He called their actions disbelief. This is evidence of the prohibition of attributing the rain to the stars
What is the first Hadith in this chapter ?
Abu Malik al-Ash’ari reported Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:
Among my people there are four characteristics belonging to pre-Islamic period ( jahiliya ) which they do not abandon: boasting of high rank, slander one’s linage , seeking rain by stars, and walling. And he (further) said: If the wailing woman does not repent before she dies, she will be made to stand on the Day of Resurrection wearing a garment of pitch and a cloak that causes her to itch .
Sahih Muslim ( 934 )
What is the point fo evidence of this Hadith?
في الحديث نسبة الإستسقاء بالنجوم إلى الجاهلية وهذا دليل على تحريم لأنه كل ما نسبه الشرع إلى الجاهلية فهوا محرم
In the Hadith says that attributing rain to the stars is from the actions of pre Islamic ignorance ( jahiliyah ), and that is a sign that it is haram because everything that the sharia attributes to the pre Islamic ignorance is haram
What is the second Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani:
The Prophet (ﷺ) led us in the Fajr prayer at Hudaibiya after a rainy night. On completion of the prayer, he faced the people and said, “Do you know what your Lord has said (revealed)?” The people replied, “Allah and His messenger know better.” He said, “Allah has said, ‘In this morning some of my slaves remained as true believers and some became non-believers; whoever said that the rain was due to the Blessings and the Mercy of Allah had belief in Me and he disbelieves in the stars, and whoever said that it rained because of a particular star had no belief in Me but believes in that star.’ “
Sahih Bukhari ( 846 )
What is the point of evidence of this Hadith?
في الحديث تسمية من نسب المطر إلى الانواء بل كفر و هاذا دليل إلى التحريم
The Hadith states that the one one that attributes rain to other than Allah ﷻ is a kafir
What type of kufr is mentioned in the Hadith?
Major kufr
What is the third Hadith in this chapter?
Narrated by Ibn Abbas: some said :verily the star has told the truth and the reason why things take place ‘so Allah ﷻ sent down these verses:
۞ فَلَآ أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَٰقِعِ ٱلنُّجُومِ ٧٥ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَقَسَمٌۭ لَّوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ ٧٦ إِنَّهُۥ لَقُرْءَانٌۭ كَرِيمٌۭ ٧٧ فِى كِتَـٰبٍۢ مَّكْنُونٍۢ ٧٨ لَّا يَمَسُّهُۥٓ إِلَّا ٱلْمُطَهَّرُونَ ٧٩ تَنزِيلٌۭ مِّن رَّبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ ٨٠ أَفَبِهَـٰذَا ٱلْحَدِيثِ أَنتُم مُّدْهِنُونَ ٨١ وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ
أَنَّكُمْ تُكَذِّبُونَ ٨٢
So I do swear by the positions of the stars and this, if only you knew, is indeed a great oath—that this is truly a noble Quran, in a well-preserved Record, touched by none except the purified ˹angels˺. ˹It is˺ a revelation from the Lord of all worlds. How can you then take this message lightly, and repay ˹Allah for˺ your provisions with denial?
Surah Al Waqi’ah { 56:75-82 }
