Kirila Hematuria Dysuria Nocturia

Question 1

Causes of Hematuria upper urinary tract?

Answer 1

• Renal malignancy
• renal cysts
• urinary stones
• GN
• UTI

Question 2

Lower urinary tract causes of hematuria?

Answer 2

• Bladder cancer
• bladder stone
• hemorrhagic cystitis
• prostate cancer
• urtehritis
• urethral trauma

Question 3

Risks for UTI?

Answer 3

• Female
• UTI hx
• Sex
  
  • condom/diaphragm/spermicide
• Vaginal infection
• Catheters
• DM
• Obesity
• Immunosuppression
• Urinary tract abnormalities

Question 4

Uncomplicated UTI?

Answer 4

Acute cystitis in non pregnant outpatient woman without anatomic abnormalities

Question 5

Complicated UTI?

Answer 5

• UTIs in pregnant women and pyelonephritis
  
  • pregnancy
  • urinary retention/obstruction
  • renal failure/transplant
  • males
  • anatomic abnormalitiess
  • catheter or instrumentation
  • immunocompromised

Question 6

classic presentation of cystitis?

Answer 6

• dysuria
• urinary frequency
• urinary urgency
• suprapubic pain
• gross/microscopic hematuria

Question 7

classic pyelonephritis sx?

Answer 7

• fever chills rigor
• flank pain
• CVA
• fatigue
• N/V

AMS in older adults

Question 8

UTI complication

Answer 8

• sepsis and septic shock
• AKI
• perinephric abscess
• emphysematous pyelonephritis
• papillary necrosis

Question 9

How do you diagnose UTI

Answer 9

• Urine dipstick
  
  • leukocyte esterawse
  • nitrities
  • blood
  • color
• UA with microscopy
  
  • hematuria
  • pyruria
  • WBC casts
  • bacteria
• Urine culture with sensitivities

Question 10

Risks for prostatitis?

Answer 10

• anatomical anomalies
• instrumentation
• UTI
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• HIV

Question 11

presentation of prostatitis?

Answer 11

• appear ill
• fever chills malaise N/V
• irritative voiding sx
• obstructive sx
• suprapubic or perineal pain

Question 11

presentation of acute bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 11

• appear ill
• fever chills malaise N/V
• irritative voiding sx
• obstructive sx
• suprapubic or perineal pain

Question 12

presentation of chronic bacterial prostatis

Answer 12

• asx or low fever
• recurrent UTI
• obstructive sx
• suprapubic or perineal pain
• Pain with ejaculation or blood in semen

Question 13

diagnosis of acute prostatis?

Answer 13

• hx and pe can make a clinical diagnosis
• DRE
• UA and culture
• test for gonorrhea and chlamydia

Question 14

Chronic prostatitis diagnosis?

Answer 14

• DRE
• UA and culture
• diagnostic standard is prostatic massage (not acutally done though?)

Question 15

Tx for prostatitis?

Answer 15

4-6 weeks abx

Question 16

complications of prostatitis

Answer 16

• bacteremia and sepsis
• epididymitis
• prostatic abscess
• chronic prostatitis is complication of acute
• chronic pelvic pain

Question 17

Risks for BPH

Answer 17

• age
• metabolic syndrome
• obesity
• genetics
• excessive coffee or caffeine

Question 18

LUTS?

Answer 18

• lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from bladder outlet obstruction from BPH and detrusor muscle overactivity secondary to BOO

Question 19

Presentation of BPH and LUTs

Answer 19

• storage sx
  
  • frequency, urgency, nocturia, incontinence
• voiding sx
  
  • slow stream, straining, intermittency, splitting stream, dribbling

Question 20

complications of BPH

Answer 20

• acute urinary retention
• UTI
• Bladder stones
• Formation of diverticuli in bladder
• AKI or CKD due to hydronephrosis

Question 21

What is the most common type of kidney stone

Answer 21

calcium

Question 22

Nephrolithiasis sx?

Answer 22

• intermittent severe flank pain radiating to groin
• hematuria
• gravel passage or visualized stone passage
• N/V

Question 23

complications of nephrolithiasis

Answer 23

• hydronephrosis
• AKI or CKD
• recurrent UTI if stones get infected

Question 24

Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis?

Answer 24

• non contrast CT abdomen pelvis
• KUB xr
• Renal & Bladder US
• UA with microscopy
• strain urine
• metabolic eval after stone passes