Kirila Hematuria Dysuria Nocturia Flashcards
Causes of Hematuria upper urinary tract?
- Renal malignancy
- renal cysts
- urinary stones
- GN
- UTI
Lower urinary tract causes of hematuria?
- Bladder cancer
- bladder stone
- hemorrhagic cystitis
- prostate cancer
- urtehritis
- urethral trauma
Risks for UTI?
- Female
- UTI hx
- Sex
- condom/diaphragm/spermicide
- Vaginal infection
- Catheters
- DM
- Obesity
- Immunosuppression
- Urinary tract abnormalities
Uncomplicated UTI?
Acute cystitis in non pregnant outpatient woman without anatomic abnormalities
Complicated UTI?
- UTIs in pregnant women and pyelonephritis
- pregnancy
- urinary retention/obstruction
- renal failure/transplant
- males
- anatomic abnormalitiess
- catheter or instrumentation
- immunocompromised
classic presentation of cystitis?
- dysuria
- urinary frequency
- urinary urgency
- suprapubic pain
- gross/microscopic hematuria
classic pyelonephritis sx?
- fever chills rigor
- flank pain
- CVA
- fatigue
- N/V
AMS in older adults
UTI complication
- sepsis and septic shock
- AKI
- perinephric abscess
- emphysematous pyelonephritis
- papillary necrosis
How do you diagnose UTI
- Urine dipstick
- leukocyte esterawse
- nitrities
- blood
- color
- UA with microscopy
- hematuria
- pyruria
- WBC casts
- bacteria
- Urine culture with sensitivities
Risks for prostatitis?
- anatomical anomalies
- instrumentation
- UTI
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- HIV
presentation of prostatitis?
- appear ill
- fever chills malaise N/V
- irritative voiding sx
- obstructive sx
- suprapubic or perineal pain
presentation of acute bacterial prostatitis?
- appear ill
- fever chills malaise N/V
- irritative voiding sx
- obstructive sx
- suprapubic or perineal pain
presentation of chronic bacterial prostatis
- asx or low fever
- recurrent UTI
- obstructive sx
- suprapubic or perineal pain
- Pain with ejaculation or blood in semen
diagnosis of acute prostatis?
- hx and pe can make a clinical diagnosis
- DRE
- UA and culture
- test for gonorrhea and chlamydia
Chronic prostatitis diagnosis?
- DRE
- UA and culture
- diagnostic standard is prostatic massage (not acutally done though?)
Tx for prostatitis?
4-6 weeks abx
complications of prostatitis
- bacteremia and sepsis
- epididymitis
- prostatic abscess
- chronic prostatitis is complication of acute
- chronic pelvic pain
Risks for BPH
- age
- metabolic syndrome
- obesity
- genetics
- excessive coffee or caffeine
LUTS?
- lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from bladder outlet obstruction from BPH and detrusor muscle overactivity secondary to BOO
Presentation of BPH and LUTs
- storage sx
- frequency, urgency, nocturia, incontinence
- voiding sx
- slow stream, straining, intermittency, splitting stream, dribbling
complications of BPH
- acute urinary retention
- UTI
- Bladder stones
- Formation of diverticuli in bladder
- AKI or CKD due to hydronephrosis
What is the most common type of kidney stone
calcium
Nephrolithiasis sx?
- intermittent severe flank pain radiating to groin
- hematuria
- gravel passage or visualized stone passage
- N/V
complications of nephrolithiasis
- hydronephrosis
- AKI or CKD
- recurrent UTI if stones get infected
Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis?
- non contrast CT abdomen pelvis
- KUB xr
- Renal & Bladder US
- UA with microscopy
- strain urine
- metabolic eval after stone passes
