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Ancient History GCSE > Kings of Rome > Flashcards

Kings of Rome Flashcards

1
Q

Aeneas foundation myth

A
  • Aeneas was a Trojan soldier
  • He forms an alliance with King Latinus who gives his daughter to him in marriage
  • He founds Lavinium
  • He defeats the Rutilians and Etruscans with help from the people of Latinus
  • Later his son, Ascanius founds Alba Longa
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2
Q

Tarquinius Priscus’ political changes/achievements

A
  • Strengthened the walls around Rome
  • Added 100 men to the Senate (to consolidate power)
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3
Q

Tarquinius Priscus’ religious changes/achievements

A
  • Increased number of Vestal Virgins to six
  • Introduced harsher punishments for Vestals who break their vow
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4
Q

Romulus’ and Remus’ upbringing and birth

A
  • Numitor is the twins’ grandfather and king of Alba Longa
  • Amulius, Numitor’s brother, wanted power so inprisoned Numitor and forced Rhea SIlvia, Numitor’s daughter, to become a vestal virgin so she could not have any children.
  • However Rhea Silvia becomes pregnant with Romulus and Remus from the god Mars.
  • Amulius ordered that the twins were to be thrown into a river
  • The twins were saved by a she-wolf and then raised by a farmer called Faustulus.
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5
Q

Tarquinius Priscus’ military changes/achievements

A
  • Defeated several Latin cities
  • Added 1,200 horsemen and introduced Rome’s first cavalry unit (‘the supplementary ones’)
  • Doubled the number of men in each century
  • Exerted Rome’s influence
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6
Q

Servius Tullius’ social changes/achievements

A
  • Tackled Plebeian poverty caused by war and debts
  • Extended the city and built the Servian wall
  • Added two new areas to the city (Quirinal and Viminal hills)
  • Introduced a new tribal system: divided Rome into four areas
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7
Q

Romulus and Remus foundation myth

A
  • Romulus and Remus wanted to build a city but argued who would build it and on which hill.
  • They decided to use augury to settle it.
  • Remus saw 6 vultures on his hill first but Romulus saw 12 vultures on his.
  • Remus argued he saw the vultures first but Romulus argued he saw more vultures.
  • Remus mocked Romulus’ walls by jumping over them which angered Romulus so he killed Remus and built Rome by himself.
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8
Q

Servius Tullius’ religious changes/achievements

A
  • Built the Temple of Diana which was a joint project between Rome and several Latin cities making them allies
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9
Q

Servius Tullius’ political changes/achievements

A
  • Introduced new voting system: votes were cast according to wealth
  • Servian Reforms
  • Development of the Equites
  • The Census: divided population according to wealth
  • Established distinctions in society according to wealth
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10
Q

Romulus’ social changes

A
  • He created an asylum “between the groves”
  • He did this to increase the number of people living in Rome
  • Dionysius says it was for Greek refugees but Livy says it was for criminals
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11
Q

Servius Tullius’ military changes/achievements

A

Nothing significant

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12
Q

Tarquinius Superbus’ social changes/achievements

A
  • Treated plebeians badly and turned them into labourers
  • Completed the Cloaca Maxima
  • Extended the Circus Maximus
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13
Q

Romulus’ political changes

A
  • He created the patron-client system
  • Created the senate comprised of 100 patriarchs who advised the king
  • Created democracy
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14
Q

Tarquinius Superbus’ religious changes/achievements

A
  • Banned religious ceremonies to prevent conspiracies
  • Built many temples
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15
Q

Rape of the Sabine Women

A
  • There were not enough women in Rome as most of the people seeking asylum were men
  • Romulus tricked the Sabines into going to a festival before ambushing them and stealing their women
  • The Sabines declared war on Rome but peace was made later when they signed a treaty
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16
Q

Tarqunius Superbus’ military changes/achievements

A
  • Effective diplomat and general
  • His son Sextus conquered the city of Gabii
  • Defeated the Volsci
17
Q

Tarquinius Superbus’ political changes/achievements

A
  • Had bodyguards
  • Executed people who threatened him
  • Did not consult the Senate at all
  • Refused to bury Servius
  • Removed the Census
  • Enlarged Rome’s Empire: created two new colonies
18
Q

Tarquinius Priscus’ origin and death

A
  • Was an Etruscan called Lucumo
  • Changed his name to seem more Roman and was very generous: either ambitus or largesse
  • Sent out Ancus’ sons before election and then campaigned and made a speech, winning the public massively
  • Murdered by Ancus Marcius’ sons when he was 80
19
Q

Servius Tullius’ origin and death

A
  • Slave whose head was surrounded by flames and then adopted by Priscus’ wife
  • More believable according to Livy: son of a general whose pregnant wife came to Rome
  • Etruscan Version: was an Etruscan soldier called Mastarna and fought with a war lord
  • Was thrown down some stairs
  • Either killed by Superbus’ men or run over by his daughter
20
Q

Tarquinius Superbus’ origin and death

A
  • Son of Priscus and demanded loyalty from the older senators, bribing the younger ones with gifts
  • Entered the Senate and started hate-talking Servius, throwing him down some stairs
  • Kicked out of Rome and died in exile
21
Q

Romulus’ death

A

1) A storm suddenly appeared and when it went away, Romulus had vanished and then became a god.
or
2) Everyone thinks the senate killed Romulus but Proculus Julius claimed Romulus came down from the stars and told him that he wasn’t killed by the senate and Rome would be the most powerful city in the world

22
Q

Numa’s political changes

A
  • He divided Rome into districts with officials to inspect them
23
Q

Numa’s Social and Religious changes

A
  • Introduced the Vestal Virgins
  • Created a priesthood for Mars, Romulus and Quirinius
  • Established blacksmiths, musicians and other crafts in the city
  • Created the Temple of Janus: doors open for war and shut for peace
  • Created the Pontiff: a religious officer who was in charge of religious practices
  • Created the lunar calendar
24
Q

Numa’s military changes

A
  • He ended war with religion
  • Neighbouring cities and towns feared they would anger the gods if they attacked a city so devout and religious
25
Q

Battle of the Three Albans

A
  • There was a border dispute between Rome and Alba
  • They prepared for war and the Albans set up on the outskirts of Rome but their king dies and Mettius, a dictator, took his place
  • They settled their differences with a battle between two teams of triplets, Horatii for Rome and Curiatii for Alba
  • Rome lost two of their triplets but the last managed to isolate and kill each of the other triplets.
  • Mettius didn’t accept defeat and formed an alliance with the Etruscans
  • Rome defeated the Etruscans and Mettius was executed and the Albans were resettled in Rome.
26
Q

Tullus Hostilius’ political changes

A
  • He built a new settlement for the Alban people and created new districts for them
  • He built a new senate house
  • He introduces the right of appeal - you can challenge a decision of a trial if you think it was unfair
27
Q

Tullus Hostilius’ social changes

A
  • He gave land to the homeless and built new farms
28
Q

Tullus Hostilius’ military changes

A
  • He was military focused and sought any excuse to stir war
  • He didn’t let his armies rest and see their families causing unrest
29
Q

Tullus Hostilius’ death

A
  • He failed to perform his religious duties correctly so the gods punished him and killed him with a thunderbolt
30
Q

Ancus Marcius’ religious and social changes

A
  • He published laws and religious rites on oak boards around the city
  • He invited Latins to settle in Rome
31
Q

Ancus Marcius’ military changes

A
  • He captured a Latin city to prevent it from being a threat to Rome
  • He built new walls to protect the city
32
Q

Ancus Marcius’ political changes

A
  • He extended Rome over the river Tiber and a bridge was built to connect it to the city
  • He gave the people a greater say in foreign affairs

Ancient History GCSE (6 decks)

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