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Intro to Ancient Egypt > Kings > Flashcards

Kings Flashcards

1
Q

Aha

A

first pharaoh of the 1st dynasty
associated with the early dynastic period
construction of the earliest tombs, characterized by mastaba structures (marking the beginning of monumental architecture

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2
Q

djer

A

first dynasty
associated with the construction of tombs, including the use of more elaborate and sophisticated structures
contributed to the development of funerary architecture

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3
Q

peribsen

A

2nd dynasty
associated with the transitional period in which there was a shift in power and ideology
used Seth animal (a symbol associated with the god Seth) on some artifacts
most used horus (falcon god)

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4
Q

khasekhemui

A

last ruler of 2nd dynasty
associated with the unification of upper and lower egypt, symbolized by the use of the serekh (a rectangular enclosure around the king’s name) combining the symbols of both regions
marks a critical point (transition from the early dynastic period to the old kingdom)

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5
Q

djoser

A

3rd dynasty
constructed the step pyramid at saqqara (considered the earliest colossal stone building and the first pyramid)
- courtyard, enclosure wall, south tomb, serdab, north tomb, t-shaped temple
introduced the use of stone in monumental construction

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6
Q

sneferu

A

4th dynasty
one of the most prolific pyramid builders
pyramids
- bent pyramid at dahshur (an experimental structure)
- red/north pyramid at dahshur (3rd largest pyramid)
- meidum pyramid

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7
Q

khufu

A

4th dynasty
great pyramid of giza (largest of the 3 pyramids)
- built as a monumental tomb
- large funerary complex (3 smaller pyramids for queens, mortuary temple, causeway, and a valley temple)
boats (dismantled boats that were intended for the king’s use in the afterlife

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8
Q

khafre

A

4th dynasty
great sphinx of giza (a limestone statue with the body of lion and the head of a pharaoh/believed to represent khafre himself)
pyramid of khafre (2nd largest pyramid at giza)
adjacent to the pyramid are the valley temple and the mortuary temple (played roles in the rituals associated with the pharaoh’s burial and afterlife beliefs)

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9
Q

menkaure

A

4th dynasty
pyramid of menkaure (smallest pyramid of the pyramids at giza)
triad of statues (in his mortuary temples) - large statue of menkaure and smaller statues of the goddess hathor and a nome (local deity)
included mortuary and valley temples (old kingdom)

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10
Q

sahure

A

5th dynasty
pyramid of sahure at abusir (one of the best-preserved pyramids/much smaller than the giza pyramids)
- mortuary temple, causeway, valley temple
sun temple at abusir) - dedicated to Ra (sun god); included an entrance hall with large pillars

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11
Q

niuserre

A

5th dynasty
pyramid located at abusir
- complex layout with subsidiary pyramids, sun temples, mortuary temples, causeway; most intricate pyramid complexes

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12
Q

unas

A

5th dynasty
pyramid at saqqara - small pyramid; contains inscriptions on its interior walls (pyramid texts - spells and rituals aimed at ensuring the pharaoh’s safe passage to the afterlife and his transformation into a divine being)
- causeway leading to a mortuary temple

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13
Q

pepy II

A

6th dynasty
long reign (94 years)
pyramid (complex) at saqqara
decline of centralized power (provincial governors gaining more autonomy/lead to challenges in first intermediate period)

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14
Q

intef I

A

11th dyansty (beginning of the first intermediate period)
military campaigns (contributed to the reunification of upper egypt)
built tomb in thebes (modern luxor); reflects the continuity of burial traditions during this period

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15
Q

intef II

A

11th dynasty
continued the efforts initiated by Intef I to reunify egypt
tomb at thebes - served as the final resting place and contained items for the afterlife

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16
Q

intef III

A

11th dynasty
continued the efforts to reunify egypt
tomb at thebes

17
Q

mentuhotep II/ nebhepetre montuhotep

A

11th dynasty
achieved the unification of upper and lower egypt, ending the 1st intermediated period
- marked the beginning of the middle kingdom establishing theban rule
mortuary temple at deir el-bahari on the west bank of the nile near luxor
chose to have his tomb carved into the cliffs at deir el-bahari
- causeway leading to the mortuary temple

18
Q

amenemhat I

A

12th dynasty
marked the beginning of the middle kingdom
founded the city of Itj-towy (captial of the 12th dynasty)
pyramid complex at el-lisht, near captial
- mortuary temple and a causeway

19
Q

senwosret III

A

12th dynasty
established control over regions that had previously been challenging for egyptian rule
complete irrigation system
built fortresses along frontier
white chapel at karnak - dedicated to god Amun

20
Q

amenemhat III

A

12th dynasty
black pyramid at hawara
labyrinth - complex near the pyramid
expanded the irrigation systems
depicted with statues portraying the crocodile god Sobek

21
Q

ahmose I

A

18th dynasty
reunification of egypt after 2nd intermediate period
restoration of centralized rule (beginning of the new kingdom)

22
Q

thutmose I

A

18th dynasty
conducted military campaigns/ expanded egypt’s southern boundary
tomb located in the valley of the kings on the west bank of the nile near luxor (largest tomb)
established a stable dynasty

23
Q

hatshepsut

A

18th dynasty
mortuary temple at deir el-bahari - renowned for its unique design and aesthetic beauty
erected several obelisks (famous pair at karnak temple at luxor) - represented the sun god Ra
expedition to the land of punt
period of peace and prosperity

24
Q

thutmose III

A

18th dynasty
expanded the empire to its greatest territorial extent
strengthen central control
karnak temple in luxor - added strcutures, chapels, and statues
festival hall in karnak
palace at malkata
pair of obelisks at karnak temple

25
Q

thutmose IV

A

18th dynasty
associated with the dream stele (monument located between the paws of the spink at giza)
- had a dream where sphinx promised him the throne if he cleared away the sand that had accumlated around it
made additions to the karnak temple complex at luxor
built mortuary temple and a oyramid complex at giza (near the spinx)

26
Q

amenhotep III

A

18th dynasty
temple of luxor in luxor - dedciated to the god Amun
colossi of memnon - 2 seated statues of the pharaoh that once guarded the entrance to his mortuary temple on the west bank of the nile near luxor)
mortuary temple at kom el-hettan
malkata palace
sphinx avenue (a route linking the temple of luxor with the karnak temple complex in luxor)

27
Q

akhenaten

A

18th dynasty
introduced a shift in religious practice by promoting the worship of the sun disk Aten, as the sole deitiy (amarna period)
founded city called akhentan (amarna)
- great temple of the aten
Hwt-benben
depicted the royal familtyin a more naturalistic and relaxed manner
erected a series of steale (stone slabs) around akhenaten
buried in the royal wadi in amarna (with his queen nefertiti

28
Q

tutankhamun

A

18th dynasty
nearly intact burial chamber in the valley of the kings
returned to the worship of traditional deities, such as Amun (old religious order)
short reign
golden throne adorned with intricate carvings and symbols

29
Q

horemheb

A

18th dynasty
conducted military campaigns
played a role in restoring traditional religious - erase memory of akhenaten and tutankhamun
contributed to karnak temple in luxor
funerary complex in saqqara
- mortuary temple and tomb

30
Q

sety I

A

19th dynasty
conducted military campaigns
funerary complex in the valley of the kings on the west bank of the nile near luxor
osireion near the great temple of abydos
added to karnak temple in luxor

31
Q

ramessess II

A

19th dynasty
conducted military campaigns
ramesseum - a mortuary temple on the west bank on the mile near luxor, and the temple of abu simbel, carved into the mountainside in nubia
temple of abu simbel - 2 rock-cut temples adorned with statues of the pharaoh; dedicated to himself and the deified verision of himself along with other gods
colossi of memon, 2 massive statues representing himself, stood at the entrance of his mortuary temples

32
Q

ramesses III

A

20th dynasty
conducted military camoagings
medinet habu - mortuary temple on the west bank of the nile near luxor
contributed to temple of khonsu at karnak
implemented economic reforms to address financial challenges
tomb in the valley of the kings (one of the largest)
harris papyrus - document detailing accomplishments

Intro to Ancient Egypt (3 decks)

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