Kingdom Plantae Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 4 features of mosses

A

Possess rhizoids for anchorage
Absence of cuticle (except in spore-producing capsule) and stomata
Absence of vascular tissue
Spores are single-called haploid reproductive structures

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2
Q

What is a benefit and restriction for mosses possessing rhizoids

A
B = can colonise bare rock surfaces so are often pioneer plants
R = distribution limited to areas with water and ions close to surface since rhizoids don’t penetrate soil deeply
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3
Q

What is a benefit and restriction of an absence of cuticle and stomata in mosses

A
B = water and ions obtained directly from damp environment across cell walls of all tissues
R = restricted to moist habitats
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4
Q

What is a benefit and restriction of an absence if vascular tissue in mosses

A
B = since water and ions are absorbed by all cells, specialised conduction tissue is not essential
R = only a few cm in height
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5
Q

What is a benefit and restriction of spores being single-called haploid reproductive structures in mosses

A
B = dispersal of the moss - tough wall so can disperse in air without drying out
R = spores germinate in moist conditions only
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6
Q

What are the key features of ferns and their function

A
  1. Stem is a rhizome with leaves projecting upwards
  2. Leaves have waterproof cuticle and stomata - transpirational water loss reduced
  3. Roots - absorption of water and ions
  4. Vascular tissue -
    Xylem = conduct water and ions from roots
    Phloem = distribute photosynthetic products
  5. Leaves have numerous spore-producing bodies - huge reproductive capacity
  6. Spores - disperse the species - need water for germination

Greater adaption to terrestrial life than mosses

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7
Q

What are the main features of flowering plants (angiosperms)

A

Have leaves stems roots and flowers
Stems upright - leaves higher above ground
Vascular tissue - xylem vessels for efficient conduction of water and ions
Leaves have waxy cuticle and possess stomata
Seeds have tough outer coat to withstand desiccation

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