Kingdom Monera Flashcards
In kingdom Monera, cell wall is made of
Peptidoglycan and Murein, Polysaccharides and amino acids
cell membrane is made of
lipids+ proteins
periplasmic space is analogous to
lysosome
circular bacteria are? give examples
Coccus eg staphylococci, diplococcus, pneumoniae
rod shaped bacteria are? give examples
Bacillus eg. lactobacillus, anthracis
spiral bacteria are? give examples
Spirilli eg. Spirilum voluntans
Comma bacteria are? give examples
Vibrio eg. vibrio cholarae
Unique phenotypic properties are given to the bacteria by
Plasmids
Only bacteria without cell wall
Mycoplasma
Glycocalyx which is present in the form of a loose sheath
slime layer
Glycocalyx present in the form of hard layer is
cell capsule
Lipopolysaccharide layer is present in
Gram negative bacteria
Eubacteria was first observed by
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek and called it “animalcule”
Bible of Bacterial classification
Bergey’s Manual
L ring is made of
Lipopolysaccharides
Which type of bacteria retains the stain
Gram-positive
Sex pili are found only in
Male or donor cell
which type of pili help in infection and attachment
Shorter pili
Which type of pili helps in conjugation
Longer pili
Flagella are made of
Flagellin( contractile)
pili are made of
Pilin (non-contractile)
The glycocalyx is divided into two types
Capsules and SLime layer
The glycocalyx is made of
polysaccharides and polypeptides
Another name of mesosome
Chondroid
Mesosomes are found in the form of
Vesicles, Tubules, Lamellae
Mesosomes are analogous to
Mitochondria
The enzyme that digests peptidoglycan
Lysozyme
Volutin Granules function is
metachromatic granules that store polymetaphosphate
bacteria whose cell wall has been removed
L-form bacteria
bacteria involved in the souring of wine
Acetobacter aceti
Bacteria involved in chemosynthesis
Nitrosomonas, nitrococci, nitrobacter
Fermentation bacteria are generally
anaerobic eg. lactobacillus
Teichoic acid is present only in
gram-positive bacteria
Parasitic bacteria example
Mycobacter leprae, m. tuberculosis
SAPROPHYTIC BACTERIA EXAMPLES
PSEUDOMONAS, CLOSTRIDIUM BOTILINUM, B. VULGARIS, STAPHYYLOCOCCI
ENDOSPORE FORMATION IS MOSTLY SEEN IN
BACILLUS BACTERIA DURING UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
Endospore has maximum resistance due to …………. in their wall
Ca- dipicolenate
Name the product of reproduction that is highly resistant to unfavourable conditions
endospore
The most common method of reproduction
BInary fission
Type of reproduction in which genetic material is transferred via bacteriophage
Transduction
First organisms to evolve oxygen
Blue-green bacteria
name the pigments present in blue-green algae along with their colours
Chlorophyll a-green
Carotenoids- yellow
C-phycocyanine- blue
C-phycoerythrin- red
What is the organism that is responsible for red tide
Trichodesmium erythrum (cyanobacteria)
Name some uses of SCP
used in dietary supplements, fodder for cattle, be grown in tanks
Name some colonial cyanobacteria
Anabaena and microcysts- they form shiny colonies and are covered with slimy mucilagenous sheath
Name some filamentous bacteria
oscillatoria
Name the vitamins that Escherichia coli is rich in
Vit E and K and is used in genetic engineering
Alpha granules store
cyanophycaen starch (not true starch)
Gas vacuoles help in
Buoyancy and floating
WHat cause crown gall disease in plants
Agrobacterium tumifacius also used in genetic engineering
Symbiotic form name some bacteria
Nostoc and Anabaena
What is used in the roots of water fern (Azolla)
Anaebena
Anabaena and nostoc are found in the roots of
Cycas and coralloid roots
Free-living BGA are
Anabaena, oscillatoria, nostoc and anabaena
Nostoc has a special cell which is called
heterocyst - helps in N2 fixation
Reproduction in BGA
Binary fission in spirulina
Fragmentation in oscillatoria and allosira
Name some useful things about BGA
N2 fixation, used in green manure, releases acids to make the soil fertile, release certain toxins in order to kill mosquito larvae
Harmful acts of BGA
causes water bloom in polluted water bodies.
Name some diseases caused by mycoplasma
- sterility in male
- bovine pleuropneumonia in cattle
- -little leaf disease in brinjal
- bunchy top in papaya
- aster yellow in sunflower
- witches broom in potato and groundnut
Which taxonomic category is mycoplasma
Genus
Mycoplasma was discovered by
Nocard and Roux, Doi, Nowak
Jokers of microbiology
Mycoplasma since they show pleomorphism
The membrane of mycoplasma is made of
lipoprotein
Why is mycoplasma resistant to penicillin
Since it lacks a cell wall
Mycoplasma are susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol since
they act on metabolic activities
what is the mode of nutrition in mycoplasma
osmotrophic
Name some anaerobic bacteria
Lactobacillus and Clostridium botulinum
Name some aerobic bacteria
Clostridium tetani, Acetobacter aceti
Archaebacteria have highly complex cell membrane since
they have highly branched lipid chains
Archaebacteria which are used in making antibiotics
Frankia, Streptomyces, Beggiattoa
Halophiles live in
Highly salty areas eg. halobacterium
Thermoacidophiles live in
HIGHLY SALINE AREAS AND ACIDIC AREAS. EG. sulpholobus
METHANOGENS LIVE IN
marshy areas to produce methane eg. rumenococcus, methanobacter, methanomicrobium, methanococcus
Archaebacteria lack……… but have……….
Peptidoglycan but have peptides and polysaccharides
