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BOTANY CLASS 11 > Cell- The basic unit of life > Flashcards

Cell- The basic unit of life Flashcards

1
Q

the main arena for all activities to take place within the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

What are the cell organelles found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Ribosomes (no cell membrane)

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3
Q

Non membrane bound cell organelle present in animals which helps in cell division

A

Centriole

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4
Q

The smallest cells are

A

Mycoplasma

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5
Q

Largest isolated cells are

A

Ostrich eggs

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6
Q

Longest human cells are

A

Nerve cells

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7
Q

Only prokaryotes without a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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8
Q

The small DNA which are present in prokaryotes? What function do they perform

A

Plasmids-confer special phenotypic characters to the individual organisms. eg. resistance against antibiotics

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9
Q

Define Mesosomes

A

Infoldings or invaginations from the cell membrane into the cell.

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10
Q

Name the types of mesosomes

A

Vesicles, Tubules and lamellae

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11
Q

The cell wall in prokaryotes is made of how many layers

A

3- they are the glycocalyx, cell wall and the cell membrane

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12
Q

Give one function of the cell wall in prokaryotes

A

Gives shape and support, protects the cell and prevents it from bursting or collapsing in unfavourable conditions

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13
Q

Give some functions of mesosomes

A

cellular respiration, DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells, secretion processes, increases the surface area of the cell membrane

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14
Q

Chromatophores are present in

A

Cyanobacteria; contain pigments

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15
Q

The non- membranous cell organelle in animal cells except for ribosomes

A

centroid- helps in cell division

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16
Q

Ribosomes are associated with the……………….. of the cell

A

plasma membrane

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17
Q

What is the type of ribosome present in prokaryotes

A

70s which is made up of two sub units- 50s and 30s

18
Q

Define polysomes

A

Several ribosomes attach to a single mRNA and form long chains of polysomes and polyribosomes.

19
Q

Gas vacuoles are present in

A

Blue-green algae and purple and green bacteria

20
Q

Give the composition of cell membrane

A

Phospholipids and cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates

21
Q

The ratio of proteins and lipids in human erythrocytes is

A

52% proteins and 40% lipids

22
Q

Differentiate between the two types of proteins based on the ease of extraction

A

Integral proteins are buried partially or completely into the cell membrane while peripheral proteins lie on the surface

23
Q

Fluid MosAIC MODEL WAS GIVEN BY

A

Singer and Nicholson

24
Q

State the fluid mosaic model

A

THE QUASI FLUID NATURE OF THE LIPIDS ALLOWS THE LATERAL MOVEMENT OF PROTEINS ALONG THE OVERALL BILAYER. THIS MOVEMENT IS MEASURED AS ITS FLUIDITY.

25
Q

fluid nature of the plasma membrane is important for

A

endocytosis, cell growth, cell division, formation of intercellular junctions and secretion

26
Q

The algal cell wall is made of

A

mannans, galactans, cellulose and calcium carbonate

27
Q

The plant cell wall is made of

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins and pectins

28
Q

Cell wall in eukaryotes helps in

A

Gives shape and support to the cell, allows the cell to cell interactions, the barrier to undesirable macromolecules, protects the cell from mechanical damage and infection

29
Q

Middle lamella is made of

A

Calcium pectate

30
Q

Middle lamella is used in

A

glueing the neighbouring cells together

31
Q

Plasmodesmata is?

A

Connects the cytoplasms of different cells together

32
Q

The Endomembrane system is composed of

A

ER, Golgi apparatus, Lysosome, vacuoles

33
Q

define the ER

A

a network or reticulum of tubules that lie scattered in the cytoplasm of the cell

34
Q

The Er divides the intracellular space into

A

Luminal and extraluminal compartments

35
Q

………………….. is present in the cells which are actively involved in secretions and synthesis.

A

RER

36
Q

Secretion of steroidal hormones in animal cells is done by

A

SER

37
Q

Define Golgi apparatus

A

Many flat disc-shaped structures or cisternae which are arranged parallel to each other

38
Q

The COnvex face is called

A

Cis face

39
Q

Golgi apparatus main function is

A

Packaging materials and sending them to intra cellular targets or outside the cell

40
Q

What are synthesised in the golgi apparatus

A

glycolipids and glycoproteins

BOTANY CLASS 11 (6 decks)

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