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Biology 11 > Kingdom Animalia Part 1 > Flashcards

Kingdom Animalia Part 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Define collar cells/choanocytes

A

Specialized cells with flagellum that create a current to bring water and food into the body of a sponge for filter feeding

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1
Q

Define sessile

A

This describes an organism that remains attached to a surface for it’s entire life - it does not move

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2
Q

Define osculum

A

A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled

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3
Q

Define hermaphroditic

A

An organism that has both the male and female reproductive organs

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4
Q

define invertebrate

A

An animal that lacks a backbone

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5
Q

Define nematocysts

A

Small harpoon-like structures that when triggered can inject a toxin/venom into prey or predators. Found in cnidarians for feeding or defense. These are stinging cells

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6
Q

Define planula

A

The free-swimming, ciliated larva of a cnidarian - allows for movement to new areas

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7
Q

Define spicule

A

Glass-like structures found in the sponge that give support and structure. They act like a primitive skeleton

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8
Q

Define amoebocyte

A

A cell that can move around the body of the sponge to make the spicules and transport nutrients and wastes. Also, secretes chemicals to make the sponge taste bad.

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9
Q

Define heterotrophic

A

An organism that must consume food

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10
Q

Define acoelom

A

Animals that do not have a body cavity. The three tissue layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm) are all packed together with no space

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11
Q

Define coelom

A

Animals that do have a true body cavity. There is a space between the mesoderm and ectoderm

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12
Q

Define peritoneum

A

A multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place

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13
Q

Define Pseudocoelom

A

Animals that have a false body cavity. There is a fluid filled area between the mesoderm and ectoderm

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14
Q

Define endoderm

A

An inner tissue layer

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15
Q

Define mesoderm

A

A middle tissue layer

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16
Q

Define ectoderm

A

An outer tissue layer

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17
Q

Define mesoglea

A

A jelly-like layer found in cnidarians but it is NOT a true tissue layer

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18
Q

Define cephalization

A

A concentration of nerve tissue at the anterior end of the animal - start of the brain

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19
Q

Define symmetry

A

Refers to how the body plan of an animal is organized and arranged

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20
Q

Define bilateral symmetry

A

A body plan in which a single, imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves - the left side and the right side; characteristic of Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, and Chordata

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21
Q

Define radial symmetry

A

A body plan in which the body parts repeat around a central point or axis of the body; characteristic of cnidarians and echinoderms

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22
Q

Define asymmetry

A

A body plan in which the animal lacks symmetry and has an irregular shape; characteristic of Porifera (sponges)

23
Q

Define gastrovascular cavity

A

An area in animals that acts as a separate area for digestion. Like a primitive stomach. Food is digested here.

24
Q

Define parasitic.

A

An organism that feeds off of another living organism

25
Q

Define tegument/cuticle

A

The outer tissue later of a tapeworm that prevents it from being digested by it’s host

26
Q

Define segmented

A

Having a body that is separated into parts such as we see in Annelida

27
Q

Define scolex

A

The head of a tapeworm, which has hooks and suckers to adhere to the host tissues

28
Q

Define proglottid

A

The detachable sections of a tapeworm that has male and female reproductive organs; breaks off when it’s eggs are fertilized and passed out of the hosts intestine. The tapeworm can fold over on itself and self fertilize by mating between two proglottids

29
Q

Define setae

A

Bristles on the ventral/underside of the tapeworm that are used for traction

30
Q

Define peristalsis

A

The rhythmic muscle contraction

31
Q

Define ganglion

A

A collection of nerve cells

32
Q

Define clitellum

A

Area of earthworm where mating occurs and it secretes a cocoon around the fertilized eggs

33
Q

Define gizzard

A

A grinding organ found in the earthworm

34
Q

Define crop

A

A storage area for food waiting to enter the gizzard of an earthworm

35
Q

Define nephridia

A

Excretory organs that act like kidneys removing the waste from blood

36
Q

Define esophagus

A

The passage between the pharynx and the crop in the earthworms - moves food along

37
Q

Define pharynx

A

Muscular part that pushes food to the esophagus of the earthworm and allows it to get some oxygen

38
Q

Define cyst

A

A dormant stage of a worm which has the baby worm encased in a thick protective coat awaiting to reach it’s proper host. Can be found in the muscle tissue of an intermediate host

39
Q

Define dorsal

A

The back of an animal

40
Q

Define ventral

A

The belly of underside of the animal

41
Q

Define posterior

A

The tail end of the animal

42
Q

Define anterior

A

The head end of the animal

43
Q

Explain ecological roles of sponges

A

Food source, home/shelter for animals, symbiotic relationships with bacteria, recycle calcium from shells on ocean floor

44
Q

Explain budding (which is also asexual reproduction in sponges)

A

An outgrowth occurs on the parent that will form a new individual

45
Q

Explain fragmentation

A

Piece breaks off to form a new individual

46
Q

Define branching

A

Where individuals radiate out from the parent

47
Q

Define metamorphosis

A

A complete and dramatic change as the baby develops into an adult. So the baby looks very different from the adult form

48
Q

Explain the process of filter feeding in sponges

A

Food enters the sponge through the pores. The food particles get stuck to the collar cells/choanocytes where they are put into a food vacuole to be digested. Amoebocytes help digest the food too. Any food particles too big to be trapped will exit the sponge through the osculum

49
Q

What type of symmetry does phylum Cnidaria have?

A

Radial symmetry

50
Q

What are some examples of phylum cnidara?

A

Sea jellies, hydra, coral colonies, sea anemones

51
Q

What are some ecological roles of phylum cnidara besides food source and home/shelter?

A

Protect shorelines and anti cancer chemicals

52
Q

What type of body cavity does phylum cnidara have?

A

Acoelom

53
Q

How do cnidarians reproduce sexually?

A

Male and female medusa. Gametes fuse to form a planula

54
Q

How do cnidarians reproduce asexually?

A

Budding and regeneration

55
Q

What type of nervous system do cnidarians have?

A

Nerve net encircles body (first) coordinates nerves and muscles

Biology 11 (6 decks)

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