Kingdom Animalia Flashcards
0
Q
Acoelomate/pseudocoelomate/coelomate
A
- no body cavity b/w gut and outer covering
- has body cavity, but not completely lined with mesoderm
- has body cavity, completely lined with mesoderm
1
Q
5 general characteristics of kingdom animalia
A
- all eukaryotic
- all heterotrophic (ingestion)
- carbohydrate storage: glycogen
- sexual reproduction is most common (some can reproduce asexually: budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis)
- no cell wall
2
Q
2 subkingdoms of kingdom animalia
A
- parazoa: sponges
- eumetazoa: all other animals
3
Q
Phylum Porifera
A
- sponges
- only phylum in subkingdom parazoa
- no tissues (cellular level organization)
- sac-type body plan
- asymmetrical
- most hermaphroditic
- filter feeders
- classification based on spicules
- reproduce sexually or asexually by budding
- ciliated larvae
4
Q
What are the 2 cell types by which sponges filter feed?
A
- collar cells/choanocytes: have flagella that drive water past the cell, particles become trapped and get digested inside cells
- amoebocytes: cells that wander the mesophyl (jelly-like layer b/w epidermal cells and choanocytes) and take food from choanocytes and distributes it; it may also get rid of wastes; can store food
5
Q
3 classes of sponges
A
- Class Calcarea: calcium carbonate spicules
- Class Hexactinellida: silica spicules
- Class Demospongiae: spongin spicules
6
Q
Spicules
A
- Fibers in sponges that are produced by amoebocytes
- 3 types: calcium carbonate, silica, and spongin
- type determines class
7
Q
Phylum Cnidaria
A
- includes jellyfish
- definite tissues
- aquatic environment
- mesoglea: jelly-like layer b/w epidermis and gastrodermis
- radial symmetry
- nerve nets: non centralized arrangement of neurons
- extracellular digestion takes place in gastrovascular cavity then is taken into cells (phagocytosis)
- unique in possession of cnidocytes, or specialized cells that contain a whip-like stinging barb called a nematocyst
- some alternate b/w polyp (sessile stage) and medusa (free-swimming) forms
- 4 classes
8
Q
4 classes in phylum Cnidaria
A
- class Hydrozoa
- class Scyphozoa
- class cubozoa
- class Anthozoa
9
Q
Class Hydrozoa
A
- under phylum Cnidaria
- Hydrozoa: “water animal”
- polyp is main stage of life cycle
- medusa is used for sexual reproduction
- larvae are called planula
10
Q
Class Scyphozoa
A
- in phylum Cnidaria
- true jellyfish
- medusa is dominant stage
11
Q
Class Cubozoa
A
- in phylum Cnidaria
- common names: box jellies, sea wasps
- Chironex fleckeri, a sea wasp, is one of deadliest organisms
- sea turtles immune to stings, allowing them to eat cubozoans
12
Q
Class Anthozoa
A
- in phylum Cnidaria
- Anthozoa: “flower animal”
- includes corals and sea anemones
- polyp stage only (no medusa)
- skeletons of coral build reefs
- some have symbiotic relationships w/ algae (zooanthellae): coral provide housing/ algae photosynthetic
13
Q
Phylum Ctenophora
A
- common name: comb jellies
- tissue-level organization
- radial symmetry
- largest animal to use cilia for locomotion
14
Q
Protostomia
A
- Major grouping in animal kingdom that includes lower invertebrates
- protostome: “mouth first”
- blastopore becomes mouth
- determinate cleavage
- spiral cleavage
- mesoderm arises from endoderm from 2 cells near blastopore that divide
- coelom arises from split in solid mesoderm
15
Q
Deuterostomia
A
- major grouping in animal kingdom that includes higher invertebrates and chordates
- deuterostome: “mouth second”
- blastopore becomes anus
- indeterminate cleavage
- radial cleavage
- mesoderm arises from endoderm as a pair of pouches from endoderm wall
- coelom arises as a cavity in a pouch of mesoderm
16
Q
Acoelomates
A
- major grouping of kingdom animalia that includes animals with no coelom (flat packed, no cavity)
- includes only 1 phylum: Platyhelminthes
17
Q
Phylum Platyhelminthes
A
- common name: flatworms
- platy= “flat”
- branched gastrovascular cavity
- digestion is both extracellular and intracellular
- no circulatory or respiratory system
- excretion is via flame cells in protonephridia
- 3 germ layers (has mesoderm)
- has true organs
- nerve cords w/ ganglia
- tube-in-tube body plan
- body is dorsal-ventrally flattened
- only acoelomate phylum
- protostome
- includes 3 classes
18
Q
3 classes in phylum Platyhelminthes
A
- Class Turbellaria
- Class Trematoda
- Class Cestoda
19
Q
Class Turbellaria
A
- in phylum Platyhelminthes
- includes Planeria
- has “eyespots” (light sensitive regions)
- capable of primitive learning
- most hermaphroditic
20
Q
Class Trematoda
A
- in phylum Platyhelminthes
- common name: flukes
- all members are parasites
- many have complex life cycle with several hosts
21
Q
Class Cestoda
A
- in phylum Platyhelminthes
- common name: tapeworms
- parasitic
- lives in gut
- head region is called scolex and has hooks and suckers to help it hang on to guttural lining
- has repeating “packets” of reproductive organs called proglottids
- often has 2+ hosts
- hermaphroditic
22
Q
Phylum Rotifera
A
- common name: rotifers
- “wheel” animals (refers to crown of cilia)
- cell-constant animals (all members of a species have the same number of cells)
- lost cells not replaced by mitosis
- have grinding organ called a mastax (also trophi)
- can reproduce by parthenogenesis
- tiny- looks like a protist, but is actually multicellular
- habitats include fresh and marine aquatic, as well as terrestrial
- 3 germ layers
- organs present
- tube-in-tube body plan
- one-way digestive system
- bilateral symmetry
- pseudocoelomate
23
Q
Phylum Nematoda
A
- common name: round worm
- longitudinal muscles only
- some free living; some parasitic
- habitats include basically everywhere but the air
- hydrostatic skeleton: fluid in coelom
- no circulatory system
- includes Trichinella, hookworms, pin worms, and fiaria worms (cause of elephantiasis)
- bilateral symmetry
- organs present
- 3 germ layers
- tube-in-tube body plan
- psuedocoelomate
