kingdom animalia Flashcards

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1
Q

blastopore

A

in the process of division, the cleavage continues and appears to form a cavity called blastopore

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2
Q

protostomes ,, deutrostomes

A

protostomes are the animals in which the blastospore is changed into mouth while deutrostomes are the animals in which the blastospore is changed into anus

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3
Q

diploblastic and triploblastic organization

A

diploblastic animals consist of two layers ,, ectoderm and endoderm while triploblastic animals consist of three layers ,, ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

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4
Q

bilateral and radial symmetry

A

when the body can be divided into two equal halves, it is called bilateral symmetry. when the body can be divided into two halves by more than one angel, it is called radial symmetry

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5
Q

coelom ,, acoelomata ,, pseudocoelomata ,, coelomata

A

⊹ coelom is an internal body cavity of animals.
⊹ aceolomata are the type of animals who lack body cavity
⊹ pseudocoelomata are the type of animals who contain primitive body cavity but lack true body cavity and is considered as false cavity
⊹ coelomata are the type of animals which contain true coelom

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6
Q

phylum porifera

A

the animals of phylum porifera are called sponges
*´¨ multicellular, flat, cup-shaped, vase-shaped, bell or fan like. they’ve asymmetrical body, diploblastic
*´¨ they’re sessile and do not move but are attached to any solid object like stone or rock
*´¨ their body contains pores, called ostia. the largest pore is known as osculum, through which the water is discharged out
*´¨ their body skeleton is composed of proteins, calcium carbonate and silica
*´¨their inner body cavity is called spongocoel, they can be divided into many chambers::
ascon type : spongeocoel consists of single cavity
sycon type : spongeocoel divides into secondary chamber
leucon type : spongocoel divides into secondary // tertiary chambers
*´¨ they do not have head, mouth or alimentary canal. they use bacteria and organic matter as their food by filtration. they do not have nervous, respiratory and excretory system. sponges are hermaphrodite and perform asexual reproduction

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7
Q

phylum cnidaria

A
  • ´¨ they’re simple aquatic animals, their digestive cavity is present, they’re diploblastic, their mouth is surrounded by finger like structures, called tentacles
  • ´¨ many cnidarians live together to form a group or colony. this group formation is called polymorphism
  • ´¨ they do not have proper respiratory, excretory and circulatory systems. they do not have brain and spinal cord. they do have asexual reproduction
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8
Q

polyp and medusa

A

the asexual animal is polyp type.by reproduction, it produces two types of male and female medusa individuals. the sexual male and female animals produce male and female gametes, by their fertilization zygote is formed.the zygote develops into a larva, called planula larva. this larva develops again into a new asexual polyp

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9
Q

phylum platyhelminthes

A
  • ´¨ they have flattened body on both sides
  • ´¨ they’re bilaterally symmetrical body
  • ´¨ they maybe free living .. have soft body without skeleton ,, are triploblasts
  • ´¨ coeleom is not found but have a single gastro-vascular cavity ,, movement takes place by cilia
  • ´¨ blood vascular system is not present ,, nervous system consists of brain ganglia
  • ´¨ they’re hermaphrodite and fertilization is internal
  • ´¨ they’ve thick body covering, suckers, hooks and spines and reproductive system is much developed
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10
Q

phylum nematoda

A
  • ´¨ nematodes are also round worms and have elongate and round bodies ,, they’re bilateral
  • ´¨ the body is without segments, they’re triploblasts
  • ´¨ the body cavity is a primitive cavity, called pseudo-cavity,, they’ve a complete digestive and circulatory system,, the nervous system is composed of brain and nerve cords
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11
Q

hookworm disease ,, ascaris disease

A

hookworm disease :: ancylostoma enters the body of man in the form of larva through the skin of man and finally enters the intestine. it lives there as a parasite and sucks blood
ascaris disease :: ascaris lives in the intestine of children, lives as parasite and uses the food of host body. it disturbs the growth of children

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12
Q

phylum annelida

A
  • ´¨ they’re segmented (metameric segmentation) and elongate, triploblastic and bilaterically symmetrical
  • ´¨ they possess a true coelom, have closed type of circulatory system
  • ´¨ there is no respiratory organs, excretion is by convoluted tube like organs, called nephridia
  • ´¨ the locomotion of the body is by small hair like structures, called setae
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13
Q

classes of annelida (polychaeta, oligochaeta, hirudinea)

A
polychaeta :: they swim freely in water or live borrowing in the sand near shore. they're carnivores,, their body is elongated and metamerically segmented,, the sexes are separate
oligochaeta :: they feed upon small food particles and organic matters,, their body is metamerically segmented. the head is not prominent, eyes and tentacles are absent while mouth is present. locomotion takes place by setae. they're hermaphrodite
hirudinea :: animals of this class are parasites,, they live on the outer surface of their host body, so they're called ectoparasites. their body is elongated and flattened. they possess suckers and reproduction is sexual
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14
Q

advantages of segmentation and coelom

A

segmentation :: flexibility so body can bend easily and increased flexibility also increases power of locomotion
coelom :: coelom helps in swimming and it acts as a hydrostatic skeleton. it collects waste products in many animals. it provides space for the maturation in eggs

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15
Q

importance of annelids

A
  • ´¨ they increase the soil fertility
  • ´¨ earthworms are used as food of fish during fishing
  • ´¨ earthworms are used in research work
  • ´¨ leeches are used to suck the infected blood
  • ´¨ some annelids are the carrier of disease
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16
Q

phylum mollusca

A
  • ´¨ they’ve soft, unsegmented body with bilateral symmetry
  • ´¨ they’re triploblastic, coelom is reduced
  • ´¨ foot is developed which helps in locomotion and is present at the lower region of the body
  • ´¨ the upper layer of the body is called mantle. the head is distinct, respiration takes places of gills or lungs
  • ´¨ circulatory system is of open type
  • ´¨ fertilization is in water
17
Q

classes of phylum mollusca

A

class gastropoda :: their distinct head is present and the body of most gastropodes become asymmetrical. the head has eyes, mouth and tentacles. from the mantle, a spiral shaped single shell is produced. in the mouth, a special structure is present called radula

class bivalvia :: the head is not distinct and radula is also absent. mantle consists of two parts and the foot is large. respiration takes place by gills

class cephalopoda :: the head is distinct and it has a large pair of eyes. foot is modified into 8 or 10 tentacles, lower part of foot is changed into siphon and is used for locomotion. in the tentacles or arms, suckers are present. two or four pairs of gills are present,, in many species, poison glands are present in mouth

18
Q

explain pearl formation

A

in oyster, pearl formation takes place. when a foreign particle enters the shell of animal, some irritation is developed. from the epithelial layer of mantle, calcium carbonate material is secreted and it’s layers are formed around the foreign particle, due to this process it is changed into a pearl

19
Q

economic importance of echinoderms

A

彡 molluscs are used in paleantological study
彡 many varities of these animals are used as food material
彡 shells are used to make decorative pieces

20
Q

phylum arthropoda

A

彡 they’re metamerically segmented and bilateral symmetrical body
彡 the body is covered by an outer covering, called exoskeleton
彡 their body is triploblastic and their circulatory system is open,, they’ve have a small coelom
彡 they’ve compound eyes and book lungs. sexes are seperate