King Richard I and the Crusades

Question 1

What does Crusade mean?

Answer 1

It’s a holy war fought by Christians.

Question 2

What was the Angevin Empire?

Answer 2

The area of land in England and France.

Question 3

Who owned the Angevin Empire? (4)

Answer 3

King Henry
King Richard I
King John
Eleanor of Aquitaine

Question 4

Where is Normandy?

Answer 4

The north of France.

Question 5

How did Christians in Medieval times justify a war? (3)

Answer 5

It was named by a legitimate authority.
There would be little violence.
They had a reason for fighting.

Question 6

What were the immediate reasons for the Third Crusade?

Answer 6

Four Crusader states had been taken over by the Muslim leader, Saladin.

Question 7

What were the longer term reasons for the crusades generally?`

Answer 7

The Holy land was being threatened by Muslims.

Question 8

Who were the English Crusaders?

Answer 8

Knights and their military households (included trainee knights)

Question 9

Which other countries fought with England on the Crusade? Include Kings(2)

Answer 9

France. - King Philip

The Holy Roman Empire. - Frederick I

Question 10

How many men did Richard command in total in 1191?

Answer 10

17,000 men.

Question 11

Why did people join the Crusade? (3)

Answer 11

Religion - They were promised forgiveness through an indulgence.
Rewards - They didn’t have to pay the Saladin Tithe and had the potential of becoming wealthy.
Responsibility - They felt as if they had to do it because other local people were.

Question 12

What attitudes did people have of Crusaders? (2)

Answer 12

Supportive, can be seen by Richard’s nickname, ‘Lionheart’

Jews were seen as enemies of Christians, people showed support by carrying out the pogroms.

Question 13

Why were the Crusaders resented by some people? (3)

Answer 13

People had to manage land while knights were away.
The Saladin Tithe was expensive and put a financial burden on people.
People thought the King should be present to protect the country.

Question 14

What were Richard’s reasons for going on Crusade? (4)

Answer 14

Personal connections - His ancestors had been King of Jerusalem.
Religious Devotion - Believed it was the sacred duty of good Christians.
Personal Glory - Chances to be remembered as a great warrior and celebrated for a long time.
Opportunity - Has a lot of wealth and power for the Crusade, never going to be a better time.

Question 15

Why did Richard and Philip fall out while on crusade? (4)

Answer 15

There was already bad feeling between the two Kings before they left.
Richard received positive reception from people in Sicily but Philip didn’t.
Richard didn’t keep his promises to marry Philip’s sister Alice.
Richard conquered Cyprus without Philip and refused to share the wealth of the island.

Question 16

What were the outcomes of Richard’s victory at Acre? (3)

Answer 16

The Muslims handed over their siege weapons and ships, and paid 200,000 gold coins.
Christian prisoners were released.
Saladin promised to return the fragments of Jesus’ true cross to them

Question 17

What were the outcomes of the Battle of Arsuf?

Answer 17

Richard was successful and forced the Muslim army to flee the city.

Question 18

What were the reasons for Christian reluctance to capture the ‘holy city’ of Jerusalem? (4)

Answer 18

Feared Saladin’s army would surround them.
Cut off from supplies if they moved to far from the coast.
The city was surrounded by a strong wall that would be difficult to break down.
They wouldn’t be able to hold onto it even if they did succeed in taking control.

Question 19

Why was Richard under pressure to capture Jerusalem quickly? (2)

Answer 19

He heard about John’s rebellion in England.

Crusader nobles were prepared to march on Jerusalem without Richard and didn’t want them to take the glory.

Question 20

Why did Richard not march on Jerusalem a second time? (3)

Answer 20

Feared Saladin would cut his supply lines to the coast if he pushed on.
Water was scarce for his soldiers.
He didn’t believe he would be able to hold the city.

Question 21

What happened at Jaffa between August - September 1192?

Answer 21

Saladin attacked Jaffa and Richard arrived and saved the city from collapse.

Question 22

Why did Richard and Saladin come to a peace agreement in 1192? (2)

Answer 22

Richard needed to return home.

Saladin was ill.

Question 23

What did Richard and Saladin agree on in 1192? (3)

Answer 23

A three year truce on the fighting.
The Christians would control the coastline from Tyre to Jaffa.
Muslims were to remain in control of Jerusalem but Christian pilgrims would have free and safe access to Jerusalem.

Question 24

How was Richard I captured?

Answer 24

Richard was caught on his way home from his crusade while travelling through Austria.

Question 25

In what way was Richard ransom a burden on England?

Answer 25

It was a heavy financial demand as the ransom was set at 100,000 marks.

Question 26

How was the ransom eventually paid? (4)

Answer 26

Eleanor of Aquitaine took charge of collecting the ransom through taxes:
A tax on Jews.
Land tax on every land owner.
25% tax on income and moveables.

Question 27

What did Richard achieve on his return to England? (2)

Answer 27

He crushed what was left of John’s revolution.

Appointed Hubert Walter as the head of the government.

Question 28

When did Richard I die?

Answer 28

1189.

Question 29

How did Richard the I die?

Answer 29

An injury in his shoulder that became infected.