King Richard and King John: Key terms Flashcards
What was the feudal system?
How England was organised in Medieval times. The King owned the land and it was subdivided to lesser groups in society
What was the Angevin Empire?
The territory that King Richard I and King John enjoyed due to their mother and marriages. It was land in England, Normandy and territory to the south of Normandy
Who was King Henry II?
Richard and John’s father
Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?
Richard I and John’s mother. She gave much territory and power to the Kings of England through her marriage to Henry II
Describe a Crusade.
A Holy journey sponsored by the Pope, carried out to crush enemies of Christianity in the Holy Land. Throughout Medieval times there were a number of these Crusades, the first was called for in 1095. The Third Crusade took place between 1187 and 1192.
What was The Holy Land?
The Holy Land was Jerusalem, a place of central importance to Christianity, Judaism and Islam
Where and what was Normandy
Land in the north of modern day France that belonged to the Kings of England. John lost control of this territory
Who was The Pope?
The head of the Catholic Christian Church. In Medieval times he had power equal to any King of the country and demanded loyalty
What was an Interdict?
A ban on Church festivities; for example attending Sunday services or burying loved ones in a Churchyard
What was an Excommunication?
Getting kicked out of the Catholic Church. In Medieval times, this made you an enemy of God, punishable by death or war. Excommunications were very severe punishments handed out by the Pope
What was The Magna Carta?
A document that guaranteed certain rights that the Barons/Lords of England made King John sign in 1215. These included certainties that John would seek their advice when making his decisions to do with the government of the country and that people would receive a fair trial and not just be victims of John’s “arbitrary power” (making it up as he went along)
Who was William Marshall, Lord Protector?
He was protector of the young King who took over after John’s death in 1216. He did a number of things to end the war between supporters of Prince Louis and supporters of Prince John, which finally ended after the Battle of Lincoln in 1217
