Kinetics Flashcards
What are the 4 factors effecting the rate of reaction?
Temperature
Surface area
Concentration
Presence of a catalyst
What does collision theory state?
Particles must collide for a reaction to happen
What is activation energy?
Particles collide with the correct amount of energy
What is a maxwell Boltzmann distribution?
A plot of the number of molecules with a certain amount of kinetic energy
Curves will only cross each other once
An increase in temperature will increase the number of particles with a higher kinetic energy and so the graph shifts to the right
How can rate be measured?
By:
Consumption of reactants or production of product
What are the two equations that can be used for measuring rate?
Amount of reactant used OR amount of product formed / time
When do chemical reactions happen?
When molecules or particles of reactants collide
These collisions must happen with the correct amount of energy for a reaction to take place which is called activation energy
When does no reaction occur?
If a collision happens without particles having activation energy
Instead they just bounce off eachother
What do faster reactions mean?
A faster rate of collisions or an increase in the amount of energy that the particles have when they collide
What is special about all particles in a reaction mixture?
They all have different amounts of energy
Some have less than activation energy and some have more therefore most collisions don’t result in a reaction
What happens if we increase the amount of collisions in a reaction?
We increase the number of successful reactions and so increase the rate if reaction
What happens if we increase the amount of energy particles have?
More particles have energy that is more than the activation energy
So more of the collisions taking place will result in a chemical reaction and so it speeds up the rate if reaction
How does temperature change the rate if reaction?
Temperature is related to how much kinetic energy particles have
Increasing temp increases energy if particles and so particles are moving faster and with more energy which means a greater frequency of collisions that have more energy
This means a greater proportion of collisions result in chemical reactions
What is the overall impact of temperature on rate of reaction?
Two fold
It increases collisions and energy
How does concentration or pressure change the rate of reaction?
Pressure is for gases and concentration is for liquids
Increasing the concentration means more particles in the same volume and so particles collide more frequently which in turn increases the rate if reaction