Kinetic theory and conduction

Question 1

What is the energy an object has because of its movement called?

Answer 1

Kinetic energy.

Question 2

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 2

• Solid.
• Liquid.
• Gas.

Question 3

How are solids arranged?

Answer 3

They have strong forces of attraction which hold the particles close together in a fixed, regular arrangement.

Question 4

How much energy do solids have?

Answer 4

The particles in a solid don’t have much energy.

Question 5

What does the energy in a solid cause the particles to do?

Answer 5

They can only vibrate about their fixed position.

Question 6

How are liquids arranged?

Answer 6

There are weaker forces of attraction between the particles, so they are close together but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements.

Question 7

How much energy do liquids have?

Answer 7

They have more energy than the particles in a solid.

Question 8

What does the energy in a liquid cause the particles to do?

Answer 8

They move in random directions at low speeds.

Question 9

How are gases arranged?

Answer 9

There are almost no forces of attraction between the particles, so they are spread out.

Question 10

What does the energy in a gas cause the particles to do?

Answer 10

They are also free to move, and travel in random directions at high speed.

Question 11

What happens when you heat a substance?

Answer 11

You give its particles more kinetic energy so they vibrate and move faster.

Question 12

What does heating a substance cause?

Answer 12

• Solids to melt.

- Liquids to boil.

Question 13

Where does conduction of heat mainly occur?

Answer 13

In solids.

Question 14

How much energy do gases have?

Answer 14

They particles have more energy than those in liquids and solids.

Question 15

What is conduction of heat energy?

Answer 15

The process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.

Question 17

What happens when heat is conducted throughout the solid?

Answer 17

Gradually, some of the extra kinetic energy is passed all the way through the solid, causing a rise in temperature at the other side of the solid, and heat radiating from its surface is increased.

Question 18

Where is conduction faster?

Answer 18

In denser solids.

Question 19

Why is conduction faster in denser solids?

Answer 19

The particles are closer together and will collide more often and pass energy between them.

Question 20

What happens to the heat conduction in materials with larger spaces between their particles?

Answer 20

They conduct heat energy much more slowly (they can be used as insulators).

Question 21

What happens at the hot end of the metal?

Answer 21

The electrons move faster and collide with other free elections, transferring their energy, these electrons do the same thing etc heating up the metal.

Question 22

Why do metals conduct heat so well?

Answer 22

Because the electrons are free to move inside the metal.

Question 23

What does free electrons in a metal mean?

Answer 23

This is a much faster way of transferring the energy through the metal, than slowly passing it between neighbouring atoms.