Kinetic theory and conduction Flashcards
What is the energy an object has because of its movement called?
Kinetic energy.
What are the 3 states of matter?
- Solid.
- Liquid.
- Gas.
How are solids arranged?
They have strong forces of attraction which hold the particles close together in a fixed, regular arrangement.
How much energy do solids have?
The particles in a solid don’t have much energy.
What does the energy in a solid cause the particles to do?
They can only vibrate about their fixed position.
How are liquids arranged?
There are weaker forces of attraction between the particles, so they are close together but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements.
How much energy do liquids have?
They have more energy than the particles in a solid.
What does the energy in a liquid cause the particles to do?
They move in random directions at low speeds.
How are gases arranged?
There are almost no forces of attraction between the particles, so they are spread out.
What does the energy in a gas cause the particles to do?
They are also free to move, and travel in random directions at high speed.
What happens when you heat a substance?
You give its particles more kinetic energy so they vibrate and move faster.
What does heating a substance cause?
- Solids to melt.
- Liquids to boil.
Where does conduction of heat mainly occur?
In solids.
How much energy do gases have?
They particles have more energy than those in liquids and solids.
What is conduction of heat energy?
The process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.
What happens when heat is conducted throughout the solid?
Gradually, some of the extra kinetic energy is passed all the way through the solid, causing a rise in temperature at the other side of the solid, and heat radiating from its surface is increased.
Where is conduction faster?
In denser solids.
Why is conduction faster in denser solids?
The particles are closer together and will collide more often and pass energy between them.
What happens to the heat conduction in materials with larger spaces between their particles?
They conduct heat energy much more slowly (they can be used as insulators).
What happens at the hot end of the metal?
The electrons move faster and collide with other free elections, transferring their energy, these electrons do the same thing etc heating up the metal.
Why do metals conduct heat so well?
Because the electrons are free to move inside the metal.
What does free electrons in a metal mean?
This is a much faster way of transferring the energy through the metal, than slowly passing it between neighbouring atoms.
