Kinetic Theory

Question 1

Kinetic theory of matter (5)

Answer 1

All matter is made of small particles, spaces between particles, particles held together by attractive forces, particles are always moving (except at absolute 0), particles move faster at higher temperatures

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

Solids

Answer 3

Least kinetic energy, particles close together, particles vibrate but cannot move, strong attractive forces

Question 4

Liquids

Answer 4

More kinetic energy, particles not packed as closely, particles can move by sliding over each other, forces are moderate

Question 5

Gases

Answer 5

Most kinetic energy, particles are widely spaced, particles can move freely, no forces between the particles

Question 6

Density, shape, volume, compressibility and ability to mix in a solid

Answer 6

High density, fixed shape and volume, cannot be compressed, does not mix unless finely divided

Question 7

Density, shape, volume, compressibility and ability to mix in a liquid

Answer 7

High density, variable shape, fixed volume, cannot be compressed, slowly mixes unless stirred

Question 8

Density, shape, volume, compressibility and ability to mix in a gas

Answer 8

Low density, variable shape and volume, easy to compress, rapidly mixes together

Question 9

Kinetic energy

Answer 9

Due to motion

Question 10

Potential energy

Answer 10

Stored energy

Question 11

Solid energy

Answer 11

Low potential energy because the distance between each particle is small

Question 12

Gas energy

Answer 12

High Potential energy because there is a greater amount of energy needed to overcome the attractive forces

Question 13

Heat

Answer 13

Energy transferred from one place to another due to a temperature difference

Question 14

Temperature

Answer 14

Measure of the AVERAGE random kinetic energy

Question 15

Assumptions of kinetic theory gases (7) (ideal gasses)

Answer 15

Gases made up of atoms or molecules, total volume occupied is negligible and distance between each particle is greater than size, particles move randomly in straight line, particles collide, weak forces between particles, kinetic energy conserved between collisions, average kinetic energy increases as temp and pressure increases

Question 16

Collisions between gas particles involve

Answer 16

Transfer of kinetic energy between particles and a change in the direction of motion

Question 17

Maxwell-Boltzmann plot

Answer 17

Describes the energy distribution of the particles in the substance

Question 18

Increased temperature causes

Answer 18

Increase in average kinetic energy

Question 19

Volume

Answer 19

Quantity used to describe the space a substance occupies

Question 20

Pressure

Answer 20

Force that is exerted over an area

Question 21

Boyles law

Answer 21

Pressure and volume are inversely proportional, if temp is constant, volume decreases- pressure increases

Question 22

Charles law

Answer 22

Temp and volume are directly proportional if the pressure is constant, temp increases- volume increases

Question 23

Gay-lusacs

Answer 23

volumes of gasses is in the same ratio as the co-efficients of the balanced equation

Question 24

Exothermic

Answer 24

Releases energy into surroundings (change in enthalpy is negative)

Question 25

Endothermic

Answer 25

Absorbs energy from surroundings,

Question 26

Energy in a solid, liquid and gaseous state

Answer 26

Kinetic energy increases, potential energy is constant

Question 27

Energy when changing state

Answer 27

Potential energy increases, kinetic energy stays constant

Question 28

Ideal gases

Answer 28

Linear, random, elastic collisions, no intermolecular forces, no volume

Question 29

Real gases

Answer 29

brownian, not perfectly elastic, weak intermolecular forces, small volume

Question 30

Conditions for a real gas

Answer 30

Hight temp, low pressure