Kinetic Theory Flashcards
What is Kinetic Theory for?
Kinetic theory is a set of ideas used to explain the behaviour of matter.
What is the explanation of kinetic theory?
Particles will bond to each other if they are close enough
Particles are moving, they have kinetic energy
Heating matter gives the particles more kinetic energy, so the particles move faster
Greater kinetic energy can break the bonds between particles
What is a solid?
A state of matter that is firm and stable in shape
What is a liquid?
A substance that flows freely but is of constant volume
What is a gas?
Matter in a state in which it will expand freely to fill the whole of a container, having no fixed shape (unlike a solid) and no fixed volume (unlike a liquid).
Properties of solids?
A solid does not cause any pressure as the particles cannot move around
Properties of liquids?
A liquid can cause some pressure as the particles are able to move and change places
Properties of gases?
A gas can cause much pressure as the particles are able to move around in all directions
How can matter change state?
The state of matter can change when the temperature changes. Giving particles more kinetic energy causes the bonds between the particles to break, and the particles can move apart.
• This causes melting/boiling/sublimation (e.g. dry ice–> carbon dioxide)
• Vice versa for freezing/condensing/deposition (e.g. frost/snow)
What is melting?
Solid to liquid
What is evaporating?
Liquid to gas
What is condensing?
Gas to liquid
What is solidification?
Liquid to solid
What is deposition?
Gas to solid (not going through liquid state)
What is sublimation?
Solid to gas
