Kinetic particle theory

Question 1

Solids

Answer 1

• Particles vibrate in a fixed position
• Strong bond
• Regular pattern in the arrangement
• Can’t be compressed at the particles have no space to move and have a fixed shape as the particles cant move from place to place.

Question 2

Liquids

Answer 2

• Particles vibrate and move around each other
• Weaker bond
• Close together in a random arrangement
• Can’t be compressed as the particles have no space to move into BUT can change their shape to match the container as they can move around each other.

Question 3

Gases

Answer 3

• Particles move quickly in any direction
• No bond
• Particles are far apart
• Random pattern in arrangement
• Can be compressed/squashed as they have plenty of space to move into. They also flow and completely fill their container as their particles move quickly in all directions.

Question 4

SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT (Bonds, temperature, energy, state)

Answer 4

When a substance changes state energy goes into making or breaking bonds.

During a change of state the temperature stays constant.

When cooling down bonds are formed and energy is released.
When heating up bonds energy is required to break the bonds.

Question 5

Equation for energy

Answer 5

Energy = mass x specific latent heat

J kg J/kg

Question 6

Internal energy

Answer 6

this is the energy of all the particles in a substance.

Question 7

Equation for internal energy

Answer 7

internal energy = potential energy + kinetic energy