Kinetic Particle Theory

Question 1

What are the 7 processes of state changes?

Answer 1

1. Melting
2. Freezing
3. Boiling
4. Condensation
5. Sublimation
6. Deposition
7. Evaporation

Question 2

What are the differences between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 2

1. Boiling takes place throughout the liquid while evaporation only takes place at the surface of the liquid
2. Evaporation can take place at any temperature above its freezing temperatiure and below its boiling temperature while boiling can only take place at the boiling temperature

Question 3

Define

Kinetic Particle Theory

Answer 3

The theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant, random motion

Question 4

Characteristics of particles in solids

Answer 4

1. Very closely packed together in an orderly manner, with little empty spaces around them
2. Vibrate and rotate about fixed position
3. Very strong forces of attraction
4. Very low kinetic energy
5. Fixed shape
6. Cannot be compressed
7. Fixed volume

Question 5

Characteristics of particles in liquids

Answer 5

1. Closely packed in a disorderly manner
2. Move freely by sliding over each other
3. Relatively strong forces of attraction
4. Relatively higher kinetic energy
5. Not fixed shape
6. Cannot be compressed
7. Fixed volume

Question 6

Characteristics of particles in gases

Answer 6

1. Very far apart in a random manner
2. Race about in all directions at high speeds
3. Very weak forces of attraction
4. Very high kinetic energy
5. Not fixed shape
6. Can be compressed
7. Not fixed volume

Question 7

Explain the changes during boiling

Answer 7

1. Particles in liquid gain heat which is converted to higher kinetic energy, thus particles move faster
2. Particles have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between them and break away from one another
3. Particles can now spread very far apart and move rapidly in all directions
4. Temperature at which this happens is called boiling point

Question 8

Explain the changes during freezing

Answer 8

1. Particles in liquids lose heat leading to lower kinetic energy, thus particles move slower
2. When temperatures are low enough they have very little energy and thus cannot overcome the attractive forces between them and start to be bounded and settled in their fixed positions
3. Particles can only vibrate in their fixed positions
4. The temperature at which this happens is called the freezing point

Question 9

Define

Diffusion

Answer 9

The process where particles move in random motion from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until a dynamic equilibrium is achieved

Question 10

What are the factors affecting diffusion?

Answer 10

1. Molecular mass
2. Temperature