Kinetic Molecular Theory Flashcards
Energy and movement of particles in solid, liquid and gas?
solid- Low energy and particles vibrate around a fixed point
liquid-enough energy to overcome the forces that are holding them together meaning particles are able to flow and freer to move away from each other
gas- particles have high energy and are constantly moving
Spaces between particles in solid, liquid and gas?
solid- Very little spaces between particles and tightly packed together
liquid-small spaces between particles large enough for particles to slide over one another
gas-Large spaces because of high energy and attractive forces are weak ( move away from each other)
Attractive forces between particles in solid, liquid and gas?
solid- Very strong force of attraction due to particles being close together, solids have a fixed volume
liquid- weaker forces than in solids, but fairly strong due to closeness of particles
gas- weak forces because of large distances between particles
Effect of adding or removing energy in in solid, liquid and gas?
solid- more energy= energy of atoms increase to enough for particles to overcome the forces holding the together = become liquid
liquid-liquid is able to flow and atoms are atoms are freer to move due to more energy added= becomes gas
removed= becomes solid
gas- energy removed= less energy= particles closer together= prominent effect of attractive forces
= becomes liquid or solid
greater temperature?
faster particles move
Define brownian motion?
The random/jerky constant motion of particles suspended in a liquid/ gas medium
Explain how the brownian motion works
particles of gas or liquid medium are moving all the time- they collide with particles and exert a force on them. collisions occur in all directions and therefore particles move randomly in all directions.
Define diffusion?
Physical process whereby a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
why does diffusion take place?
different substances mix as a result of random motions of their particles
explain the two things rate of diffusion is based on?
Mass of particles- less dense substance (smaller lighter particles will diffuse faster- lower relative molecular mass = faster gas diffuses
Temperature- Gas heated- particles faster as kinetic energy increase- collide with more energy and bounce away- gas diffuse faster - higher temp= faster gas will diffuse
difference between freezing and freezing point?
freezing is process where substance changes from liquid to solid
freezing point of a substance is the constant temperature at which substance changes from liquid to solid
difference between melting and melting point?
melting is process where substance changes from solid to a liquid
melting point of a substance is constant temperature at which substance changes from solid to a liquid
what is condensation?
process where a substance changes from a gas to a liquid
difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling is the process where a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (anywhere in liquid, at specific temperature and certain pressure and continuous heating source).
evaporation is the process where a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (surface of liquid, at any temperature or pressure).
boiling point?
temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the atmospheric temperature
sublimation?
process where a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without going through liquid state.
deposition?
process where a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without going through liquid state.
freezing point=?
melting point in pure substance
what happens when energy is added to matter?
when energy is added to matter (heated) the particles will move faster and as kinetic energy of the particles increases, a higher temperature will be measured
What is the temperature of gas a measure of?
average kinetic energy of its particles
what happens when particles become more and less organised?
potential energy decreases when more organised
potential energy increases when less organised
Define pressure?
amount force exerted per unit area
explain pressure and gasses?
gas particles exert pressure on walls of containers when they bump into walls.
faster particles= larger force= larger pressure
more particles= more collisions= higher pressure
how can distance of particles be demonstrated between solid, liquids and gasses?
Gasses can be compressed while liquids and solids cannot
