Kinesiology vocab

Question 1

variable

Answer 1

any factor that can be measured, controlled, or changed in a scientific study.

Question 2

Dependent variable

Answer 2

the main outcome of interest. It can be observed or the result of experimental manipulation.

Question 3

Independent variable

Answer 3

the main “exposure” variable that is observed or controlled (treatment)

Question 4

Statistical Significance

Answer 4

the probability that the results of a study would occur by chance due to an actual effect or association.

Question 5

Experimental group

Answer 5

participants in an experiment who receive the treatment (process or intervention) under investigation.

Question 6

Control Group

Answer 6

a group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to the experiment group, but do not receive the treatment. Results in the experimental group are compared to those in the control group.

Question 7

Blind experiment

Answer 7

an experiment in which the subjects do not know whether they are members of the experimental or the control group. in

Question 8

Placebo

Answer 8

a shame “treatment” with no therapeutic effect, such as harmless sugar pill, often used in scientific studies. Placebos are frequently used for control group participants in experimental studies.

Question 9

Instruments

Answer 9

Tools used to collect and quantify the data, such as skin fold calipers, heart rate monitors, metabolic carts, and questionnaires.

Question 10

Measurement

Answer 10

The process of quantifying the physical qualities of objects and individuals such as age, weight, height, density, and so on.

Question 11

Evaluation

Answer 11

the process of using measures to develop evidence-based practices about policies, performances, processes, and so on

Question 12

Randomization

Answer 12

a statistical process (like flipping a coin) wherein subjects in an experiment have an equal opportunity to be assigned to various experimental (or control) groups.

Question 13

Causality

Answer 13

the degree to which an event ( cause) results in an outcome. In kinesiology and other areas of science, causality refers to the strength of the evidence that one conditions causes another.

Question 14

Validity

Answer 14

The ability of an instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure. For example, does your performance (time) on the one-mile rune test actually reflect your cardiorespiratory fitness level?

Question 15

Reliability

Answer 15

The ability of an instrument to yield consistent results when used repeatedly to measure the same thing.

Question 16

Quantitative Analysis

Answer 16

A process that uses numerical values to explain the outcomes of a research project as they pertain to the hypothesis or research question

Question 17

Quality Assurance

Answer 17

A process that allows researchers and practitioners to develop outcomes measures that provide evidence about health-related quality and effectiveness

Question 18

Qualitative analysis

Answer 18

a process that uses words and phrases ( such as interviews or personal stories_ to explain the outcomes of a research project as they pertain to the hypothesis or research question.

Question 19

Surveillance

Answer 19

a process that provides quantitative information about a health-related issue and its determinants in a defined population.

Question 20

Vitro research

Answer 20

Studies ( such as those in experimental biology) in which parts (such as tissue) from an organism can be isolated and evaluated.

Question 21

Vivo research

Answer 21

studies using the whole living organism

Question 22

Animal research

Answer 22

Study of animals (usually rates and mice) that can provide further understanding of health-related issues (like disease management) in humans.

Question 23

Ideas, Editorials, Opinions

Answer 23

published reports that provide research analyses about topics primarily based on individuals or group opinions

Question 24

Case Series and Case studies

Answer 24

studies of individuals. Clinically, researchers can observe treatments and their apparent effects.

Question 25

Cross-Sectional Studies

Answer 25

studies that quantify the association between a hypothesized exposure and outcome at a single point in time.

Question 26

Case-Control studies

Answer 26

studies in which participants with and without an outcome are compared to determine differences in exposure.

Question 27

Cohort studies

Answer 27

studies that follow similar individuals who are initially outcome-free over time to determine the health effects of an existing trait or behavior.

Question 28

randomized Controlled trials

Answer 28

Human research studies that are tightly controlled( often double blind) and are used to compare the health outcomes of a control group(s) to those of an experimental group.

Question 29

Systematic Reviews

Answer 29

Research studies that use controlled statistical techniques to review a large body of scientific evidence about a topic and the provide conclusions and recommendations for effective practices.

Question 30

Meta-Analysis

Answer 30

A form of systematic review that uses quantitative statistical analyzes to provide insight about consistent results from a variety of studies

Question 31

Primary research

Answer 31

studies that are experimental( such as those comparing randomized control group outcomes to those of a treatment group) or observational ( control and treatment groups are not randomized)

Question 32

Secondary Research

Answer 32

reviews studies of the scientific body of evidence relevant to a kinesiology-related topic.