Chp. 1-3 exam Flashcards
What are the 6 disciplines of kinesiology?
- Exercise physiology
- Biomechanic
- Motor learning & development
- Public health
- Sports exercise psychology & human behavior
- Philosophy, history, and sociology
What is physical activity?
Any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure
What is Exercise?
A specific type of physical activity that is planned, repetitive, and done for a specific purpose
Level 1
Primordial Prevention
- Action is taken to prevent the precursors of a problem or disease before they become harmful.
Examples include the following:
Preventing high blood pressure
Controlling sugar intake before diabetes begins
Preventing knee injury and possible osteoarthritis
It is best applied in children and adolescents.
Level 2
Primary Prevention
- It is preventing a condition or disease by influencing its precursors. It takes place before a disease or condition is diagnosed but is suspected.
Physical activity prevents the condition or disease from beginning.
Examples include the following—Physical activity:
Lowers blood pressure.
Lowers blood glucose.
Prevents falls in the elderly.
Level 3
Secondary Prevention
- It focuses on individuals and not populations.
It involves preventing the progression of a condition once it has been detected.
It involves the “management: of a condition as early as possible.
Examples include the following—Physical activity can:
Reduce symptoms of early-stage depression.
Expedite weight loss.
Help to control blood sugar in type II diabetics.
Level 4
Tertiary Prevention
- It is improving or maintaining the quality of life for someone with a disease, disability, or complication.
Physical activity cannot impact the progression of a disease, but it can lessen the disease’s impact on the individual.
Example:
Physical activity for a cancer patient to improve quality of life.
Level 5
Rehabilitation
- It is restoration of health and physical function to the preconditioned or pre-disease state.
Physical activity is used as the primary method to help a person overcome their condition.
Physical activity is a powerful part of rehabilitation.
Examples include the following:
Cardiac rehabilitation after heart surgery
Physical therapy after knee replacement surgery
Physical therapy after occupational injury
Define epidemic
A disease that spreads rapidly among people in a community.
Define Pandemic
a disease that is happening over the world
What is the American Kinesiology Association?
developed a list of core educational elements that all kinesiology undergraduates must share.
The list is called the knowledge base of kinesiology and includes the following:
Physical activity in health, wellness, and quality of life
Scientific foundations of physical activity
Cultural, historical, and philosophical dimensions of physical activity
The practice of physical activity
KSA: knowledge, skills, & abilities
Explain what is Exercise Physiology?
It is the study of the physiological and biological responses to physical activity and the effects of these responses on biological adaptations that occur with acute and chronic exercise.
Topic areas included are the following:
Energy metabolism
Skeletal muscle function
Cardiovascular function
Disease pathology associated with physical inactivity
Physiological challenges in special populations
Nutrition as it relates to increasing physical performance is a part of exercise physiology.
What is the Scientific Method?
Step 1: Developing the Question
- Think about the way a question is asked.
To get a good answer, you’ll have to ask more specific questions.
You need to look at a question from all angles.
Step 2: Searching and Gathering Evidence
- Decide how to gather the best scientific evidence.
The evidence will help you to develop an evidence-based approach to answering the question.
The scientific method will help you to determine the strength of the evidence.
There are three primary sources of evidence that can help you to answer a question:
Your own research knowledge
Your own academic preparation
Your own clinical experience
Step 3: Evaluating the Evidence
-To evaluate evidence effectively, it is important to have a basic understanding of how to:
Identify kinesiology misinformation.
Read, analyze, and interpret news stories.
Read and analyze research articles at a basic level.
Recognize a study’s basic research design.
Step 4: Incorporating the Evidence into Practice
- When creating an exercise program, use the Internet to seek out evidence from credible professional organizations to help formulate your plan.
How to use the Internet more effectively:
Look for credible sources:
International Society of Physical Activity and Health (ispah.org)
Centers for Disease Control (CDC.gov)
Pubmed.com
Exercise Prescription (exrx.net)
If you do not find information, do not assume that none exists.
Explore a website fully.
Step 5: Routinely Re-Evaluating the Evidence
- Stay current with emerging kinesiology research findings.
Avoid relying on your own clinical experience, only.
If you avoid staying informed, your practice will become less professionally effective.
What is Kinesiology?
scientific study of movement and how physical activity and physical fitness affect health, behavior, community, and quality of life.
Explain what is the London bus experiment?
An experiment by Professor Jeremy Morris where he compared deaths due to heart disease between bus drivers in London ( who sat all day with limited movement) and the ticket takers ( who moved all day collecting tickets from bus riders.)
Physical activity is NOT associated with a host of diseases and conditions? True or false
False.
There are nearly as many deaths from inactivity as tobacco worldwide. True or false
True
30 % of adults and 80 % of adolescents are physically in active? true or false
true
Physical activity is NOT a pandemic
False
What is bio mechanics?
- is the study of the relationship between physics and physical movement. It applies the laws of mechanics to physical activity to understand how movement is related to performance. It measures movement of the: Muscles. Joints. Bones -The study of biomechanics can be applied to the following: Sport performance Sport mastery Injury rehabilitation Injury prevention Biomechanics is rooted in: Physics. Biology. Mathematics. Physical activity.
Motor Learning
It is the study of the relationship between neural sciences and biology as it applies to physical movement and methods to produce permanent changes to enhance movements. It measures: Neural encoding. Central nervous system processing. -It provides an understanding of how practice and training improves movement and how to change practice to enhance performance. Motor learning involves four topics: Physics Biology Neuroscience Physical activity
Sports and Exercise Psychology
-It is the study of psychology in relation to sports performance and physical activity.
What psychological factors impact performance?
Sport psychologists identify cognitive and behavioral factors that will enhance a performance or cause poor performance.
It is concerned with stress, anxiety, and wellbeing.
Sport Psychology involves four topics:
Psychology
Biology
Neuroscience
Physical activity
Public Health
It is the science and practice of protecting, promoting, and improving the heath of populations and communities. Notable public health measures are the following: Vaccines Quarantines Seat belts in cars Food safety -Public health merges with kinesiology when policies are enacted that support physical activity in the community. Public health involves five topics: Behavioral science Epidemiology Biostatistics Biology Environment
What are the Five Pillars of public health?
Epidemiology & disease control , Environmental health, Health Promotion & health education, Health Administration & policy, Bio statistics.
Epidemiology and Disease Control
It is the “study of distributions and determinants of disease and disability in populations.”
It is the basic science of public health.
It is concerned primarily with defined populations and how disease or disability affects that population.
It relies on statistics and study design.
Environmental health
The environment an individual lives in influences their health.
Policy examples are the following:
Air quality
Removal of lead from paint
Pollution levels
Food safety
This is a major growth area in public health.
Health Promotion and health education
Why do some people take care of their health while others don’t? How can we improve health? What do we need to teach?
This field has to do with human behavior and how to change it to enhance health.
It involves social justice
Health Administration and Policy
It focuses on the delivery of public health services. It involves skills like the following: Budgeting Policy development Analysis Planning Prioritization Communication Policy is based on research.
Biostatistics
It provides quantitative data for public health policies.
This translates mathematical data into public health actions, which are all based on scientific evidence.
Sport Philosophy
The values of human movement.
The ethics of human movement.
The importance of movement for society.
The intersection of sport, art, and physical culture
Sport History
Assesses historical context, forces, and people that define sports and human movement.
Sport Sociology
Addresses how sports and human movement play a role in culture and social development.
KSA students must able to
- Describe how physical activity promotes health and wellness across a lifespan.
- Explain how physical activity promotes health and wellness across a lifespan.
- Develop physical activity programs for all ages.
- Assess physical activity programs for all ages.
True or False Inactivity isn’t the fourth leading cause of death in the world?
False… it is…
Functional health
It is defined as the ability to maintain health and wellness by reducing or controlling your health problems and maintaining your physical independence through functional abilities.
How does integration help kinesiology students?
It helps students to translate the knowledge they learn and to apply science-based evidence from multiple subdisciplines to solve problems during the creation of physical activity programs.
Exercise Physiology (Course work)
This course will help students to describe the biological factors that affect exercise and sports performance.
Human performance.
Physical activity and fitness.
Growth, development, and aging.
Prevention and rehabilitation from disease.
Bio mechanics
helps kinesiologists to understand the following:
Muscle mechanics
Ergonomics- scientific study of how humans interact with design features of systems, products, processes.
Sports techniques
Motor learning and control
These sciences focus on the process of learning and skill acquisition.
Motor control
It focuses on how the neuromuscular system coordinates and stabilizes movement based on behavior and environmental factors.
Motor development
It is the study of changes in motor behavior over time
Isolated facts
These are ideas and concepts that tend to generalize simple solutions to complex problems. They are mistaken as truth and acted upon.
The isolated facts could come from a published research study, but what if that study was:
Flawed.
Conducted in a different population.
Inadequately designed.
Without taking all of the facts into consideration as a whole, even the best scientific findings are only isolated facts.
Body of evidence
Refers to an accumulation of all the facts in a particular area
Built through scientific inquiry
Includes a systematic evaluation process
Takes time…usually many years
Existentialism-
a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.
Pragmatism
an approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.
