1 eV= 1.6 x10-19 J Amount of energy gained by an electron accelerating through a potiential difference of one volt

Numbers that have both magnitude and direction Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force

Numbers that have magnitude only and no direction Distance, Speed, pressure, mass, energy

Tip-to-tail method 1. Place the tail of B, to the tip of A 2. The vector sum A+B is the vector joining the tail of A to the tip of B Component method 1. Given and vector, V, we can find the x- and y-components by drawing a right triangle with V as the hypotenuse

A-B=A+(-B) Adding a vector with equal magnitude, but in the opposite direction Simply flipping the direction of the vector being subtracted and then following the same rules as normal: tip to tail

To generate a scalar quantity like Work, we multiply the vectors of force and displacement and the cosine of the angle between the two vectors = Dot Product 1. A \ B= [A][B] cos ø To generate a third vector like Torque, we multiply the magnitudes of the two vectors of force and lever arm and the sine of the angle between the two vectors 1. A x B= [A][B] sinØ

When an object in motion experiences a change in its position in space x or d Net change in position from initial to final position

v Rate of change of displacement in a given unit of time

Rate of actual distance traveled in a given unit of time

Will always be equal to the magnitude of the object's instantaneous velocity, which is a measure of the average velocity as the change in time approaches zero V= Δx/Δt

vavg = Δx/Δt Based on displacement

Kinematics and Dynamics Flashcards by Taylor Creagh

Angstroms

10^-10m

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Nanometers

10^-9m

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Electron-volts (eV)

1 eV= 1.6 x10^-19J
Amount of energy gained by an electron accelerating through a potiential difference of one volt

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Vectors

Numbers that have both magnitude and direction
Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force

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Scalar

Numbers that have magnitude only and no direction
Distance, Speed, pressure, mass, energy

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Vector Addition

Tip-to-tail method

Place the tail of B, to the tip of A
The vector sum A+B is the vector joining the tail of A to the tip of B

Component method
1. Given and vector, V, we can find the x- and y-components by drawing a right triangle with V as the hypotenuse

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Vector Subtraction

A-B=A+(-B)
Adding a vector with equal magnitude, but in the opposite direction
Simply flipping the direction of the vector being subtracted and then following the same rules as normal: tip to tail

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Multiplying Vectors By Scalars

If a vector, A, is multiplied by the scalar value, n, a new vector, B, is created
B= [n] A
If n is a positive number that means B and A are in the same direction

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Multiplying Vectors

To generate a scalar quantity like Work, we multiply the vectors of force and displacement and the cosine of the angle between the two vectors = Dot Product
1. A *B= [A][B] cos ø
To generate a third vector like Torque, we multiply the magnitudes of the two vectors of force and lever arm and the sine of the angle between the two vectors
1. A x B= [A][B] sinØ

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Displacement

When an object in motion experiences a change in its position in space
x or d
Net change in position from initial to final position

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Distance

The entire pathway taken

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Velocity

v
Rate of change of displacement in a given unit of time

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Speed

Rate of actual distance traveled in a given unit of time

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Instantaneous Speed

Will always be equal to the magnitude of the object’s instantaneous velocity, which is a measure of the average velocity as the change in time approaches zero
V= Δx/Δt

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Average velocity

v_avg = Δx/Δt
Based on displacement

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Force

SI unit is a Newton (N)
Equation: kg x m/s²

Gravitational Force

Between two objects
F_g= G m₁m₂/r²
G= universal gravitational constant= 6.67x10^-11Nm²/ kg²
Would be used on MCAT

Acceleration Due To Gravity

g= 10 m/s²
Decreases with height above the earth
Increases the closer one gets to the earth’s center of mass

Static Friction

Always larger than kinetic friction (Always requires more force to get an object to start sliding than it takes to keep an object sliding)
( f_<em>s</em>)
Exists between a stationary object and the surface upon which it rests
0≤ fs ≤ u_<em>s</em>N
u_s is the coefficient of static friction (unitless quantity that depends on the 2 materials in contact)
N is the magnitude of the normal force (Force between 2 objects in contact that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between the object and the surface upon which it rests

Kinetic Friction

Exists between a sliding object and the surface over which the object slides
Two surfaces sliding against each other
f_k= u_k N
u_kis always smaller than the coefficient of static friction

Weight

F_g= mg
Weight of the object = F_g
Mass of the object= m
Acceleration due to gravity= g (9.8 m/s²)
Weight of an object can be though as being applied to a single point in the object = Center of mass or gravity

Acceleration

Change in velocity/ change in time
On a graph of velocity vs. time, the tangent to the graph at any time corresponds to the slope of the graph which indicates the instantaneous acceleration

Newtons First Law

Law of inertia
A body either at rest or in motion with a constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts upon it
F_net=ma=0

Newtons Second Law

An object of mass, m, will accelerate when the vector sum of the forces results in some nonzero resultant force vector
F_net=ma

**Newtons Third Law**

* To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction * F_AB= -F_BA

**Linear Motion**

* Examples are falling objects, balls being dropped from some starting height * Equations: 1. v=v₀+ at 2. x=v₀t +at²/2 3. v²=v^2₀+2ax 4. x= (average velocity)time * **Free Fall=** Object falls with constant acceleration (9.8) and would not reach terminal velocity

**Drag Force**

* An object in free fall will experience as growing drag force as the magnitude of its velocity increases * Eventually, this drag force will be equal in magnitude to the weight of the object , and the object will fall with constant velocity = Terminal Velocity

**Projectile Motion**

* Usually can assume v_xwill remain constant

**Inclined Planes**

* F_g, parallel= mg sinØ * F_g, perpendicular= mg cosØ

**Circular Motion**

* Instantaneous velocity vector is always tangent to the circular path * Centripetal force always points inwards, and generates centripetal acceleration * F_{c = mv²}/r

**No Net Force**

* No acceleration * Any object with a constant velocity has no net force acting on it

**Translational Equilibrium**

* Constant velocity, both constant speed (zero or nonzero value) and a constant direction

**Torque**

* t= r x F = rF sin Ø 1. r= length of lever arm 2. F = magnitude of force 3. Ø= angle between the lever arm and force vectors * Clockwise torques= negative * Counterclockwise torques= positive * Rotational equilibrium means that the object is not rotating at all *