Kinematics Flashcards
Biomechanics
What are osteokinematics?
Kinematics
Motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes
Biomechanics
What are arthrokinematics?
Kinematics
Motion of the articular surfaces during movement.
Biomechanics
What are the three arthrokinematics movements?
Kinematics
Roll, Glide, and Spin
Biomechanics
What is Flexion and Extension?
Kinematics
Flexion: Bending to reduce the angle between joints
Extension: straightening to increase the angle between joints
Biomechanics
What is abduction and adduction?
Kinematics
Abduction refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or the centerline of a limb.
Adduction refers to the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body or the centerline of a limb.
Biomechanics
What is Lateral Flexion?
Kinematics
Also called Side-bending – **Lateral Flexion **refers to the bending or tilting of the torso or neck sideways, away from the midline of the body.
Biomechanics
What is Radial and Ulnar Deviation?
Kinematics
Radial Deviation: refers to the movement of the wrist and hand towards the thumb side of the forearm.
Ulnar Deviation: refers to the movement of the wrist and hand towards the pinky side of the forearm.
Biomechanics
What is Elevation and Depression?
Kinematics
Elevation refers to the upward movement or raising of a body part.
Depression refers to the downward movement or lowering of a body part.
(Commonly used in reference to the scapula)
Biomechanics
What is Eversion and Inversion?
Kinematics
Eversion refers to the outward or lateral movement of the foot at the ankle joint
Inversion refers to the inward or medial movement of the foot at the ankle joint
Biomechanics
What is Medial Rotation?
Kinematics
Medial rotation, also known as internal rotation, refers to the movement of a body part towards the midline of the body or towards the center of a limb involving rotation
Biomechanics
What is Lateral Rotation?
Kinematics
Lateral rotation, also known as external rotation, refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or away from the center of a limb involving rotation
Biomechanics
What is Forearm Supination?
Kinematics
Forearm Supination refers to the rotational movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing anteriorly in the anatomical position.
Biomechanics
What is Forearm Pronation?
Kinematics
Forearm Pronation refers to the rotational movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing posteriorly in the anatomical position.
Biomechanics
What is Horizontal Abduction?
Kinematics
Moving the arm away from the anterior midline in the transverse plane.
Biomechanics
What is Horizontal Adduction?
Kinematics
Moving the arm towards from the anterior midline in the transverse plane.
Biomechanics
What is Ankle and Foot Pronation?
Kinematics
The functional tri-planar synkinetic combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and forefoot abduction.
Biomechanics
What is Ankle and Foot Supination?
Kinematics
The functional tri-planar synkinetic combination of plantarflexion, inversion, and forefoot adduction.
Biomechanics
In which cardinal plane do the following motions occur?
* Lumbar flexion
* Shoulder abduction
* Hip internal rotation
* Knee flexion
* Cervical rotation
* Finger abduction
Kinematics
Lumbar flexion: sagittal
Shoulder abduction: coronal/frontal
Hip internal rotation: horizontal/transverse
Cervical rotation: horizontal/transverse
Knee flexion: sagittal
Finger abduction: frontal/coronal
Biomechanics
Give and example of a joint that is: uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial
Kinematics
uni-: Interphalangeal
bi-: MCP joints
tri-: glenohumeral
Biomechanics
What are accessory movements?
Kinematics
Slight, passive, nonvolitional movements allowed in most joints that are used to test the health of the joint (aka joint play)
Biomechanics
What is meant by “end feel” ?
Kinematics
A joint’s resistance to further motion at the end of its osteokinematic range.
Biomechanics
What may excessive joint translation (or joint play) indicate?
Kinematics
Hypermobility - Ligamentous injury, instability, or laxity of the surrounding periarticular connective tissues
Biomechanics
What may a reduction in joint translation (or joint play) indicate?
Kinematics
Hypomobility - pathologic stiffness within surrounding periarticular connective tissues
Biomechanics
In a convex-on-concave movement what direction does the convex segment roll? What way does it slide?
Kinematics
Roll occurs in the direction of the movement and slide occur in the opposite direction of the movement
Biomechanics
In a concave-on-convex movement what direction does the concave segment roll? What way does it slide?
Kinematics
Roll and slide both occur in the same direction of the movement
Biomechanics
What is a close-packed position?
Kinematics
The unique position of most joints where the articular surfaces are most congruent and the ligaments are maximally taut.
Biomechanics
What is a loose-packed position?
Kinematics
The positions of most synovial joints of the body in which the articular surfaces are least congruent and the ligaments are slackened, which allows for an increase in accessory movements.
