Kinematics

Question 1

Biomechanics

What are osteokinematics?

Kinematics

Answer 1

Motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes

Question 2

Biomechanics

What are arthrokinematics?

Kinematics

Answer 2

Motion of the articular surfaces during movement.

Question 3

Biomechanics

What are the three arthrokinematics movements?

Kinematics

Answer 3

Roll, Glide, and Spin

Question 4

Biomechanics

What is Flexion and Extension?

Kinematics

Answer 4

Flexion: Bending to reduce the angle between joints
Extension: straightening to increase the angle between joints

Question 5

Biomechanics

What is abduction and adduction?

Kinematics

Answer 5

Abduction refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or the centerline of a limb.
Adduction refers to the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body or the centerline of a limb.

Question 6

Biomechanics

What is Lateral Flexion?

Kinematics

Answer 6

Also called Side-bending – **Lateral Flexion **refers to the bending or tilting of the torso or neck sideways, away from the midline of the body.

Question 7

Biomechanics

What is Radial and Ulnar Deviation?

Kinematics

Answer 7

Radial Deviation: refers to the movement of the wrist and hand towards the thumb side of the forearm.
Ulnar Deviation: refers to the movement of the wrist and hand towards the pinky side of the forearm.

Question 8

Biomechanics

What is Elevation and Depression?

Kinematics

Answer 8

Elevation refers to the upward movement or raising of a body part.
Depression refers to the downward movement or lowering of a body part.
(Commonly used in reference to the scapula)

Question 9

Biomechanics

What is Eversion and Inversion?

Kinematics

Answer 9

Eversion refers to the outward or lateral movement of the foot at the ankle joint
Inversion refers to the inward or medial movement of the foot at the ankle joint

Question 10

Biomechanics

What is Medial Rotation?

Kinematics

Answer 10

Medial rotation, also known as internal rotation, refers to the movement of a body part towards the midline of the body or towards the center of a limb involving rotation

Question 11

Biomechanics

What is Lateral Rotation?

Kinematics

Answer 11

Lateral rotation, also known as external rotation, refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or away from the center of a limb involving rotation

Question 12

Biomechanics

What is Forearm Supination?

Kinematics

Answer 12

Forearm Supination refers to the rotational movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing anteriorly in the anatomical position.

Question 13

Biomechanics

What is Forearm Pronation?

Kinematics

Answer 13

Forearm Pronation refers to the rotational movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing posteriorly in the anatomical position.

Question 14

Biomechanics

What is Horizontal Abduction?

Kinematics

Answer 14

Moving the arm away from the anterior midline in the transverse plane.

Question 15

Biomechanics

What is Horizontal Adduction?

Kinematics

Answer 15

Moving the arm towards from the anterior midline in the transverse plane.

Question 16

Biomechanics

What is Ankle and Foot Pronation?

Kinematics

Answer 16

The functional tri-planar synkinetic combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and forefoot abduction.

Question 17

Biomechanics

What is Ankle and Foot Supination?

Kinematics

Answer 17

The functional tri-planar synkinetic combination of plantarflexion, inversion, and forefoot adduction.

Question 18

Biomechanics

In which cardinal plane do the following motions occur?
* Lumbar flexion
* Shoulder abduction
* Hip internal rotation
* Knee flexion
* Cervical rotation
* Finger abduction

Kinematics

Answer 18

Lumbar flexion: sagittal
Shoulder abduction: coronal/frontal
Hip internal rotation: horizontal/transverse
Cervical rotation: horizontal/transverse
Knee flexion: sagittal
Finger abduction: frontal/coronal

Question 19

Biomechanics

Give and example of a joint that is: uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial

Kinematics

Answer 19

uni-: Interphalangeal
bi-: MCP joints
tri-: glenohumeral

Question 20

Biomechanics

What are accessory movements?

Kinematics

Answer 20

Slight, passive, nonvolitional movements allowed in most joints that are used to test the health of the joint (aka joint play)

Question 21

Biomechanics

What is meant by “end feel” ?

Kinematics

Answer 21

A joint’s resistance to further motion at the end of its osteokinematic range.

Question 22

Biomechanics

What may excessive joint translation (or joint play) indicate?

Kinematics

Answer 22

Hypermobility - Ligamentous injury, instability, or laxity of the surrounding periarticular connective tissues

Question 23

Biomechanics

What may a reduction in joint translation (or joint play) indicate?

Kinematics

Answer 23

Hypomobility - pathologic stiffness within surrounding periarticular connective tissues

Question 24

Biomechanics

In a convex-on-concave movement what direction does the convex segment roll? What way does it slide?

Kinematics

Answer 24

Roll occurs in the direction of the movement and slide occur in the opposite direction of the movement

Question 25

Biomechanics

In a concave-on-convex movement what direction does the concave segment roll? What way does it slide?

Kinematics

Answer 25

Roll and slide both occur in the same direction of the movement

Question 26

Biomechanics

What is a close-packed position?

Kinematics

Answer 26

The unique position of most joints where the articular surfaces are most congruent and the ligaments are maximally taut.

Question 27

Biomechanics

What is a loose-packed position?

Kinematics

Answer 27

The positions of most synovial joints of the body in which the articular surfaces are least congruent and the ligaments are slackened, which allows for an increase in accessory movements.